Dientamoeba fragilis is a human intestinal protozoon. Its worldwide prevalence ranges
INTRODUCCIÓNInicialmente a Dientamoeba fragilis, se la consideró una ameba y actualmente está clasificada dentro de los flagelados 1,2 . Los trofozoitos miden aproximadamente entre 5 y 15 µ, con un rango promedio de 9 a 12 µ. En las tinciones permanentes la mayor parte de los organismos presentan 2 núcleos, a pesar de que casi del 30% al 40% son mononucleados. La cromatina nuclear se halla fragmentada en grupos de 3 a 8 gránulos; en algunos casos se observa un número mayor. En el núcleo no se observa cromatina periférica. En los cultivos, como fue informado por otros autores 3 , D. fragilis puede confundirse con la forma ameboide de Blastocystis hominis, parásito éste último mucho más frecuente y pleomórfico. En un extendido de materia fecal en fresco, los trofozoitos de D. fragilis presentan un citoplasma vacuolado que puede contener principalmente bacterias o detritos. Algunos investigadores aprovecharon la capacidad que tienen los trofozoitos de D. fragilis para ingerir gránulos de almidón de arroz en los cultivos y distinguirlos de B. hominis 3 ; éste no los ingiere.
We report an assay for the DNA purification of Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites by means of a commercially available spin-columns technique from frozen non-formalin-fixed human stool specimens containing high concentrations of DNA -polymerase inhibitors. This method was compared with a phenol/chloroform technique; followed both of them by an amplification assay and an electrophoresis of amplicons. A nested PCR assay was developed to allow the detection of D. fragilis DNA. The DNA extraction from D. fragilis trophozoites using a fast spin-columns procedure, yielded high-quality DNA, free of impurities and enzyme inhibitors; in contrast with the phenol/chloroform technique, where inhibition was observed when the amplification products were analyzed by agarose-gel electrophoresis. Besides, the addition of SAF (sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin) to faecal specimens, that affects the integrity of DNA and, consequently, hinders its further amplification, was confirmed.
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