Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using digital template photos to estimate children's dietary intake in childcare settings. Study Design, Setting, Participants, Intervention: Photos of preschool children's meals were taken before consumption, when any additional servings were provided, and after consumption. Weights and template photos of each meal component were taken separately, at decreasing portion sizes beginning with the serving size given during mealtime and ending at approximately onequarter to one-eighth of the original serving size, such that if any more were eaten, it would be considered finished. Three trained undergraduate research assistant coders compared photos of actual mealtime plates with the digital template photos side by side on a split screen. Coders used the digital template photos to visually estimate the portion size of each meal component as it had been served and consumed. Outcome Measures and Analysis: Preliminary data from ongoing data collection consisting of 10 mealtimes composed of 35 food and beverage components in total were independently coded. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Across the 10 preliminary trials, ICC was 0.931 suggesting trained coders can reliably estimate food quantities using digital template photos. Conclusions and Implications: As a feasible and costeffective method, digital template photos may create opportunities for assessing children's dietary intake in research and intervention projects where it has been otherwise prohibitive to do so. Funding: USDA.

No abstract

Bu çalışma yetişkin bireylerin toplu beslenme alanlarında yaptığı tabak israfını, etkileyen faktörleri ve bu alanları kullanan bireylerin diyet kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Toplam 298 bireyin katıldığı çalışma, Ocak-Mayıs 2017 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılan anket formu yüz yüze görüşülerek uygulanmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu kaydedilerek, Beden Kütle İndeksi hesaplanmıştır. Tabakta bırakılan yemek miktarının belirlenmesinde dairesel yüzdelik görsellerden faydalanılmıştır. Bireylerin 24 saatlik besin tüketim kaydı alınarak, enerji ve besin ögeleri alımları ile Diyet Kalite İndeksi puanı hesaplanmıştır. Toplu beslenme alanlarında yemek yediklerinde bireylerin %61,7'sinin tabaklarında yemek bıraktığı; bu miktarın çorba, ana yemek, pilav/makarna/börek, tatlı, salata ve ekmek olarak ayrılmış yemek gruplarında en yaygın %25 oranında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tabak artığı bırakma yüzdesinin çorba ve ana yemek (%3,0) gruplarında daha düşük; ekmek (%12,0) ve tatlı (%9,1) gruplarında ise daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Kadınların %63,9'unun, erkeklerin %70,8'inin Diyet Kalite İndeksi puanının düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bireylerin israfın farkında olduğu buna karşılık diyet kalitelerinin de düşük olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

IntroductionOver the past few decades restaurant business has boomed in Turkey. New styles and techniques are implemented to cuisine and chefs became more equipped in terms of skills and knowledge. However, there is a lack of a number of awarded Turkish chefs known in the international arena. Purpose:This paper tries to identify the operational and cultural factors related to the absence of Turkish chefs and restaurants in the culinary world.  The importance of this research is to analyze the reasons behind the success of Turkish award-winning chefs to help the young willing Turkish chefs throughout their career success paths to International Arena.Method and material: Semi-structured interviews are conducted with the award-winning Turkish chefs. The data gathered from the interviews are analyzed through the categorization of the factors previously found from the literature. Findings are discussed in this manner.Results and Discussion:Chefs’ philosophies which shape the concepts of their restaurants is the most important factor for success, the philosophy also triggers the creativity and innovation. Selection of products and employee in terms of the availability, quality, and sustainability is another important factor. Most of the chefs are having a struggle in costs and pricing since this factor mostly relies on the cultural profile of the customers.