Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.

Stenting of acute large bowel obstruction is a cost-effective procedure with a reduction in total hospital stay and expenditure compared with surgical decompression.

Endoluminal stenting is safe and effective, and cost effective for palliation. We advocate a multicentre randomized prospective trial of best practice emergency surgery vs endoluminal stenting and subsequent elective surgery for large bowel obstruction.

Genetic relationship between some species of Zea mays and Sorghum was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of seed protein and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) markers. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, 78 band were identified across the studied species. The number of bands varies from 17 bands in sample number 5 to 6 in sample number 6. Analysis of RAPD-PCR of DNA provided more precise information concerning relationships between Zea mays and Sorghum species than SDS-PAGE analysis. A remarkable result from this study was identifying a close relationship between Zea mays spp mays and Zea mays spp Mexicana. Further support comes from the molecular data of RAPD, which indicate that close relationship between Sorghum valgare and Sorghum bicolor.

Signaling pathways are key regulators of adult stem cell homeostasis and underlying mechanisms are often deregulated in cancers. Recent studies of epithelial tumors have involved OvoL/Svb transcription factors, which produce isoforms with antagonistic activities. Here we show that Svb, the unique OvoL factor in Drosophila, directly integrates multiple signaling inputs to coordinate the behavior of adult intestinal stem cell lineage. Under steady state, Svb mediates Wnt and EGFR signaling to ensure stem cell renewal and progenitor survival. This requires the post-translational processing of Svb into a transcriptional activator by Polished rice (Pri) regulatory peptides, under the regulation of ecdysone signaling. In response to PDM1, Svb expression is specifically maintained in enterocytes where it acts as a transcriptional repressor sufficient to override mitogenic signals and impose differentiation. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the OvoL/Svb transcriptional switch controls the balance between stem cell survival, selfrenewal and differentiation.