Genetic relationship between some species of Zea mays and Sorghum was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of seed protein and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) markers. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, 78 band were identified across the studied species. The number of bands varies from 17 bands in sample number 5 to 6 in sample number 6. Analysis of RAPD-PCR of DNA provided more precise information concerning relationships between Zea mays and Sorghum species than SDS-PAGE analysis. A remarkable result from this study was identifying a close relationship between Zea mays spp mays and Zea mays spp Mexicana. Further support comes from the molecular data of RAPD, which indicate that close relationship between Sorghum valgare and Sorghum bicolor.

Randomly amplified microsatellite markers were used to study the genetic variation among six populations of Oryctes rhinoceros L. which were collected from oil palm plantations in Selangor, Perak, Pahang and Medan. Samples were collected using light and pheromone trapping for the purpose of obtaining two populations per site study. Thirty individual beetles per population were screened using seven randomly amplified microsatellite primers. Beetles were not attracted to light traps at Pahang and Medan. This resulted in only pheromone populations being caught there. Distances calculated based on the similarity coefficient of Nei and Li (1979) ranged between 0.422 and 0.736. Seventy eight reproducible loci were generated using the seven primers and all the loci were polymorphic. The dendrogram constructed produced two major clusters. Based on the dendrogram, the clusterings were observed to be influenced by preference to trapping system as well as geographical distance. The separation of clustering between Perak Pheromone (PP) and Perak Light (PL) is important as it gives rise to the possibility for the presence of two groups of O. rhinoceros based on their preference toward light and pheromone trap. However, further studies using codominant markers especially single locus DNA microsatellite markers are required to understand the population genetic structure and to further validate the presence of a cryptic species complex.