The use of corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids with high grain yield and starch extractability has steadily increased in the processing industry. In light of widespread corn seed industry participation in the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM), which seeks to enhance exotic germplasm, future hybrids may contain more exotic sources in genetic backgrounds. It is necessary to establish and monitor physical, compositional, and milling characteristics of the new exotic breeding materials to determine the processing value. The present study was conducted to determine the wet‐milling characteristics of a set of GEM lines compared with typical Corn Belt lines. Ten GEM lines introgressed with exotic materials from Argentina, Chile, Cuba, Florida, and Uruguay and previously identified as having different starch yields, three commercial inbred lines, and two public inbred lines (B73 and Mo17) were analyzed using both near‐infrared transmittance (NIT) and a 100‐g wet‐milling procedure. There were statistical differences (P < 0.05) in the yield of wet‐milled fractions (starch, fiber, gluten, and germ). The GEM lines AR16035:S19‐227‐1‐B and CUBA117:S1520‐562‐1‐B had similar or better starch yield and starch recovery than B73 and the other adapted inbred lines, indicating that they may be useful in improving the proportion of extractable starch present in kernels of hybrids. Residual protein levels in the starch and gluten fractions were 0.26–0.32% and 38–45%, respectively. The starch yield of GEM lines from wet milling correlated positively with starch content from NIT and was negatively correlated with protein content of the corn kernels. Oil content in the germ varied from 50 to 60%. Our results indicate that incorporating GEM lines in a breeding program can maintain or even improve wet‐milling characteristics of Corn Belt materials if lines with appropriate traits are used.

Hybrids with high grain yield and higher starch, protein, or oil content are available to corn growers; however, they result from crossing adapted Corn Belt inbred lines that rarely include exotic germplasm. This study was conducted to determine whether Corn Belt lines introgressed with exotic materials from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Cuba, and Florida have appropriate wet‐milling characteristics in their hybrids. Ten lines from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project with different starch contents were crossed to three adapted inbred lines used as testers. The B73×Mo17 hybrid was used as a control. The F1 generation of these 30 experimental hybrids was analyzed using both near‐infrared transmittance (NIT) technology and a 100‐g modified wet‐milling procedure, and measuring test and 1,000‐kernel weight. There was great variation among physical, compositional, and wet‐milling characteristics of the experimental hybrids, suggesting that exotic germplasm can be used to improve wet‐milling characteristics of Corn Belt hybrids.

Cereal Chem. 87(5):486-496Corn breeders have developed hybrids with enhanced compositional characteristics, but exotic germplasm represents little of the germplasm base used to produce these hybrids. Effects of the exotic germplasm on

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Actualmente se ejecutan programas sociales con enfoque alimentario, cuya meta es combatir la inseguridad alimentaria y sus consecuencias. En muchos casos no alcanzan su objetivo debido a una mala planeación y diseño; lamentablemente el bajo impacto impide mejorar la nutrición de los más vulnerables: los menores de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue proponer una alternativa en el diseño y la planificación de estrategias de mejora nutricional basada en el análisis de la cultura alimentaria local para incrementar la efectividad del programa. Se aplicaron encuestas a 74 madres de familia de niños preescolares y escolares en Tochimilco, Puebla, México, para obtener información sobre características generales y alimentación familiar. Se encontró que la muestra estudiada pertenece a un núcleo familiar de cinco personas en promedio, cuyo principal medio de vida es la agricultura. Uno de los cultivos principales en la región es el amaranto; este no es consumido de forma regular, debido al desconocimiento de formas de preparación y de beneficios en la salud. Se concluyó que el análisis de la cultura alimentaria facilita el diseño de una propuesta de mejora nutricional con alta efectividad. Específicamente en Tochimilco, amaranto, maíz, frijoles y frutas son elementos ideales para un programa nutricional.