ResumoA recente evolução da ciência brasileira é caracterizada pelo crescimento acelerado da produção científica e pela intensificação da colaboração entre seus pesquisadores. Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar elementos sobre o papel da geografia na evolução da produção e colaboração científica no Brasil entre 1992 e 2009, por meio da identificação de padrões espaciais e da importância relativa das regiões em termos de produção, especialização científica e grau de interação colaborativa com outras regiões. Para este estudo, foram desenvolvidas (i) uma base de dados única, composta por mais de um milhão de pesquisadores e sete milhões de publicações científicas registradas na Plataforma Lattes, e (ii) diferentes redes de colaborações (coautoria) científicas entre regiões e estados brasileiros. Embora os principais resultados apontem para a heterogeneidade espacial da produção e colaboração científica, existem fortes evidências de um processo de desconcentração espacial ao longo do tempo associado à expansão das redes de colaboração e ao aumento da participação de autores das regiões cientificamente menos tradicionais, tais como Sul e Nordeste. Observam-se diferenças acentuadas entre as distribuições regionais da produção e as configurações espaciais das redes de cada área do conhecimento. Neste trabalho ressalta-se a importância das redes de colaboração científica no tocante à formulação de políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil no sentido de promover o incremento de qualidade e a desconcentração regional da atividade científica e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento das regiões menos favorecidas. Palavras
Brazilian scholarly output has rapidly increased, accompanied by the expansion of domestic collaborations. In this paper, we identify spatial patterns of collaboration in Brazil and measure the role of geographic proximity in determining the interaction among researchers. Using a database comprising more than one million researchers and seven million publications, we consolidated information on interregional research collaboration in terms of scientific coauthorship networks among 4,615 municipalities during the period between 1992 and 2009, which allowed us to analyze a range of data unprecedented in the literature. The effects of geographic distance on collaboration were measured for different areas by estimating spatial interaction models. The main results provide strong evidence of geographic deconcentration of collaboration in recent years, with increased participation of authors in scientifically less traditional regions, such as south and northeast Brazil. Distance remains a significant factor in determining the intensity of knowledge flow in collaboration networks in Brazil, as an increase of 100 km between two researchers reduces the probability of collaboration by an average of 16%, and there is no evidence that the effect of distance has diminished over time, although the magnitude of such effects varies among networks of different areas.
The Regional Economics Applications Laboratory (REAL) celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in 2014. Since then, REAL has become one of the leading research centers of regional science worldwide. In this article, we describe the scholarly network involving REAL’s alumni working in academia in Brazil. We analyze the patterns of research collaboration among around fifty Brazilian researchers whose main activities are related to academic institutions in Brazil. The Brazilian REAL network has shown to be an interesting case study that reflects the pattern of evolving collaboration networks in scientifically emerging economies. The expansion of the REAL scientific collaboration network in Brazil emerges as a relevant mechanism for both a qualitative leap in national scientific production in regional science and for the dissemination of knowledge in peripheral regions of the country. Conducted under the leadership of Geoffrey J. D. Hewings, it has helped to develop regional science in the country still further. This case study serves as an example of knowledge diffusion and of the role played by key researchers in the evolution of this network, providing a contribution to the science of research and innovation.
ResumoEste artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre as potencialidades da utilização dos dados curriculares derivados das informações da Plataforma Lattes como ferramentas para avaliação do desempenho científico de pesquisadores. Um novo indicador, denominado "Índice Multidimensional de Desempenho Científico" (IMDC), é proposto considerando um amplo conjunto de indicadores bibliométricos que buscam captar diferentes formas da produção acadêmica dos atuais pesquisadores vinculados à pós-graduação em Economia no Brasil. Os resultados permitem evidenciar uma tipologia de pesquisadores considerando suas diferentes estratégias de atuação. Economistas com maior impacto na profissão adotam uma estratégia caracterizada por um equilíbrio entre qualidade, quantidade e colaboração científica. Palavras-ChavePós-graduação. Economia. Rankings de economistas. Mapeamento acadêmico. Redes sociais. Sociologia da economia. ♦ Os autores agradecem ao excelente auxílio de pesquisa de Jack Yugo Yoshida e Diana Lúcia Gonzaga da Silva. Os comentários de Alexandre Porsse, Carlos Azzoni, Edmund Amann, Edson Domingues, Fábio Waltenberg, Fernando Perobelli, Flávio Vieira, Leonardo Mulls, Thiago Nascimento e dos participantes dos seminários do NEREUS e do IPE-USP foram importantes para o aprimoramento de versões anteriores do artigo. Finalmente, Eduardo A. Haddad e Jesús P. Mena-Chalco são gratos ao CNPq e à CAPES pelo auxílio financeiro AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study on the potentialities of the Lattes curriculum vitae information as tools for the assessment of the scientific activity of individual researchers. We propose a new multidimensional index, which allows measuring research performance based on a broad set of bibliometric indicators. The goal is to capture different facets of scientific output of academic economists in Brazil. The results are summarized in a typology of researchers that consider the different strategies regarding the preferable outlets for their research. Economists with the highest impact on the profession tend to adopt a strategy characterized by a balance between quality, quantity, and scientific collaboration. KeywordsGraduate programs. Economics rankings of economists. Scholarly mapping. Social networks. Sociology of economics. Brazil. JEL ClassificationA14. I23. ImpactoPublicação/texto Outras formas Científico Artigos em periódicos científicos, livros e capítulos em livros Arquivos de dados Educacional Livros-texto, ementas de cursos, textos didáticos Formação de pesquisadores qualificados (e.g. mestres e doutores) Econômico ou tecnológico Relatórios de pesquisa contratada Produtos, processos, software Social ou cultural Guias profissionais, artigos em jornais, comunicações submetidas em mídias sociais (incluindo blogs) Entrevistas, participação em eventos, consultoria científica Fonte: Tabela adaptada de Moed e Halevi (2015).
Recent years have witnessed an accelerated growth of Brazilian scientific production that was accompanied by an expansion of domestic research collaboration. In this paper we look more closely at this issue in a pioneering attempt to identify spatial patterns of research production and collaboration in Brazil, and to measure the role of geographical proximity in determining interaction between Brazilian researchers. Using a unique database comprised of over one million researchers registered in the Brazilian Lattes Platform and seven million scientific publications, we collect and consolidate information on interregional research collaboration in terms of coauthorship networks among 1,347 Brazilian cities over the period between 1990 and 2010, which enabled a range of data and analysis perspective unprecedented in literature. The effects of geographical distance on research collaboration are measured for different knowledge areas under the estimation of spatial interaction models. The main results suggest strong evidence of spatial de-concentration of scientific production in the last years with expansion of research collaboration networks and an increased participation of authors in scientifically less traditional regions, such as South and Northeast. Moreover, we also find evidence that distance still plays a crucial role in determining the intensity of knowledge flows in scientific collaboration networks in Brazil, although the magnitude of such effects varies among networks of different knowledge areas. For instance, we found that the distancing of 200 kilometers between two researchers implies an average reduction of 22% or 45% on probability of collaboration among them, if they are of Linguistics, Letters and Arts or Exact and Earth Sciences, respectively.
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