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A hybrid power plant including a solar central receiver for receiving solar radiation and converting it to thermal energy. The power plant includes a molten salt heat transfer medium for transferring the thermal energy to heat exchanger. The use of fossil fuels should be reduced in near future due to their limited resources and increasing ecological impacts. Therefore, increased interest and incentives have been created for development of electricity supply utilizing renewable energy such solar energy, which has long-range potential and is applicable in most geographical regions Libya is located in the center of North Africa. The vast majority of the country is located in the Sahara Desert, which is characterized by its high potential for solar energy. This study provides an evaluation study for the solar power plant with a capacity equal to 70 GW/year to support generating electricity. The System Advisor Model (SAM) model system, developed by the National Office of Renewable Energy (NRE), was used to assess the plant's active and economic performance.

In this paper we briefly review the current knowledge on the nonsmooth phenomena in power electronic systems. We describe a method of investigating the stability of nonsmooth limit cycles, and demonstrate its application in investigating the nonsmooth phenomena in the current mode controlled boost converter-which exhibits interesting bifurcations involving tori.

We consider the local bifurcations that can occur in a quasiperiodic orbit in a three-dimensional map: (a) a torus doubling resulting in two disjoint loops, (b) a torus doubling resulting in a single closed curve with two loops, (c) the appearance of a third frequency, and (d) the birth of a stable torus and an unstable torus. We analyze these bifurcations in terms of the stability of the point at which the closed invariant curve intersects a "second Poincaré section". We show that these bifurcations can be classified depending on where the eigenvalues of this fixed point cross the unit circle.

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) is a viable option for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management and a renewable energy source. MSW is a chronic problem in Libya and more specifically in Libya Urban areas. The MSW practices in Libya are simply done by collecting the waste and dumping it in open landfill sites. Libya is considering WTE as a potential renewable energy source that can contribute to electricity demand. This research aims to assess potential contribution of WTE facility to meet electricity demand in the Benghazi city and to provide an alternative solution to landfills. Scenario for WTE utilization was developed: Mass Burn the analyses were completed for Benghazi city; with current total population. The results show that Benghazi has the potential to produce about 19 MW of electricity based on incineration scenario the year 2030. These values are based on theoretical ideals and help in identifying the optimal WTE techniques for each city.