Many functions in behavioural processes of small passerines are regulated via vocal messages. Song plays an important role in the development of reproductive barriers and thus playback experiments can often be used for investigating the potential for reproductive isolation through behavioural mechanisms. Moltoni’s warbler Sylvia (cantillans) moltonii is characterized by diagnostic vocalizations and a peculiar pattern of distribution, being parapatric and partly sympatric with the nominate Sylvia c. cantillans. With this work, we test whether these two closely related taxa react equally to their own song and to the song of the other taxon, shedding light on whether they perceive each other’s songs as coming from the same species. We carried out 184 playback experiments within the mainland range of the two forms. We judged the response of the bird on a scale of scores. Each taxon responded more strongly to playback when faced with the song of its own taxon. This held true when applied only to males or females. Additionally, birds tested for both songs showed a stronger response to the song of their own taxon. The distributional context (sympatry vs. allopatry) did not affect bird response. Results indicate that a certain degree of reproductive isolation between the two taxa (because of diverged mate recognition systems) already exists; consistently with genetic data and with the peculiar pattern of distribution; this suggests that the two taxa have reached species status.

During 2.5 months of intensive fieldwork in Colombia (departments of Cauca, Nariño, and Putumayo, South America) from January to March 2017, we visited 13 localities and collected 291 specimens of 68 species of Odonata, including 17 new records for the country. We report range expansions for several species assessed as data deficient or under some degree of threat by the IUCN Red List. Furthermore, we confirmed that Philogenia tinalandia is a junior synonym of P. monotis, thus solving a longstanding enigma. We also report the rediscovery, after many decades, of Philogenia raphaella, P. sucra and Stenocora percornuta. The data we collected are an important contribution to the knowledge of the dragonfly diversity of the Colombian Andean region and its surroundings, including the nearby areas in Ecuador and Peru, countries with which the departments visited share boundaries.

Data concerning a new reproductive population of Lindenia tetraphylla (Vander Linden, 1825 (Odonata Gomphidae), found by the authors in Molise, Central Italy, between 2012 and 2018, are here reported. The species was recorded in some artificial farm ponds of the inland agricultural area, where localized but conspicuous reproductive populations are annually found. A single sighting from 2017 is also reported from the Abruzzo region, where the species has never been recorded before. The data here discussed update the status for Italy and enlarge the known distribution area. All the sites where the species is found in Molise are listed and mapped, brief data concerning habitat used are also reported.

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La frontera sur de Colombia incluye extensos bosques amazónicos con diferentes grupos taxonómicos aún inexplorados. Presentamos una lista de especies de aves registradas entre los ríos Caquetá y Putumayo, o Japurá e Içá, a partir de la recopilación de datos históricos provenientes de especímenes biológicos y muestreos en campo realizados principalmente entre 2015 y 2020. Comparamos la diversidad taxonómica y funcional, así como el interés para el aviturista, en relación con un índice de huella humana que permite clasificar el grado de intervención antrópica. La lista incluye 531 especies distribuidas en 66 familias y 25 órdenes, siendo la familia Tyrannidae la de mayor riqueza. La diversidad taxonómica y el interés para el aviturista disminuyeron con el aumento del índice de huella humana, en tanto que la diversidad funcional no varió tan evidentemente con el grado de intervención humana. El refuerzo de estrategias de monitoreo participativo en las zonas rurales de Colombia puede contribuir al crecimiento económico local y tener alcances regionales de conservación que involucren áreas protegidas y otras zonas de importancia ecosistémica a la espera del establecimiento de programas de conservación participativos.