The "Great Acceleration" graphs, originally published in 2004 to show socioeconomic and Earth System trends from 1750 to 2000, have now been updated to 2010. In the graphs of socioeconomic trends, where the data permit, the activity of the wealthy (OECD) countries, those countries with emerging economies, and the rest of the world have now been differentiated. The dominant feature of the socioeconomic trends is that the economic activity of the human enterprise continues to grow at a rapid rate. However, the differentiated graphs clearly show that strong equity issues are masked by considering global aggregates only. Most of the population growth since 1950 has been in the non-OECD world but the world's economy (GDP), and hence consumption, is still strongly dominated by the OECD world. The Earth System indicators, in general, continued their long-term, postindustrial rise, although a few, such as atmospheric methane concentration and stratospheric ozone loss, showed a slowing or stabilisation over the past decade. The post-1950 acceleration in the Earth System indicators remains clear. Only beyond the mid-20 th century is there clear evidence for fundamental shifts in the state and functioning of the Earth System that are beyond the range of variability of the Holocene and driven by human activities. Thus, of all the candidates for a start date for the Anthropocene, the beginning of the Great Acceleration is by far the most convincing from an Earth System science perspective.

FUNDING Australia's grant system wastes centuries of researchers' time p.314 EVOLUTION First biography of W. D. Hamilton, the gentle giant of genetics p.313 HISTORY Ripping yarn of the ape-man of Victorian England p.310 ENVIRONMENT Conservationists call for a global zoning exercise for roads p.308

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