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This study aimed to investigate the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and its relationship with prognostic factors in tumors that are not in the head and neck region and are therefore relatively less exposed to the sun. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 25 invasive cSCC and 42 BCC cases with a diameter ≥ 2 cm located outside the head and neck region from 2010 to 2018. The biopsy samples were examined based on the membranous PD-L1 (22C3 clone) staining. Staining results were scored as follows: 0, no staining (negative); 1, < 10% PD-L1 positivity of tumor cells; and 2, ≥ 10% PD-L1 positivity of tumor cells. PD-L1 positivity was not seen in any BCC cases, whereas 11 (44%) of cSCC cases were PD-L1 positive. No significant relationship was observed between PD-L1 expression and prognostic parameters, including tumor diameter, tumor depth, and lymphovascular or perineural invasion in the cSCC group. PD-L1 expression was not associated with prognostic factors in the early stages of BCC and SCC located outside the head and neck region. Therefore, investigating the PD-L1 expression seems to be more relevant in patients with advanced-stage disease.

Background and Aims: After liquid-based cytology (LBC) technique developed for cervical cytology, it has been used for nongynecological samples and has been very successful. It offers having extra slides of the samples for further examination and ancillary tests. Moreover, cell blocks can be formed from the residue material. The study aimed to evaluate the importance of preparing a second LBC slide or a cell block from the residue material of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples to reach a definitive diagnosis in cases diagnosed as nondiagnostic (ND) after the first slide. Material and Methods: Seventy five cases diagnosed as ND after the first slide were included in study. For 50 cases, the second LBC slides were prepared (LBC group); for 25 cases, cell block was performed from residue material (CB group). Two groups were compared in terms of reaching a definitive diagnosis. Results: At the end of secondary procedures, a definitive diagnosis was reached in a total of 24 cases (32%). Twenty of 50 cases (40%) in LBC group reached a definitive diagnosis while four cases (16%) in the CB group reached a definitive diagnosis. Achieving a definitive diagnosis was found statistically higher in the LBC group in which the second slide was formed compared to the CB group ( P =0.036). Conclusion: Preparing a second slide with LBC method is more purposive than preparing a cell block from the residue material of thyroid FNA samples. Reducing the percentage of ND cases will protect patients from complications and morbidity that may arise from repeated FNA.

Clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) of the lungs is no longer referred to as a subtype in recent classifications of lung adenocarcinoma. Like signet ring features, clear cell features are regarded as cytological features rather than histological subtypes. Additionally, in serous fluids, adenocarcinoma metastasis with clear cell features is a diagnostic challenging entity due to other tumors that come to mindfirst during the differential diagnosis. Here we report a case, diagnosed as CCA of lung metastasis in pleural fluid and evaluated its differential diagnosis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate Helicobacter pylori positivity frequency in endoscopic biopsies of patients who admitted to Siirt Training and Research Hospital, and its relation with seasonal changes, age and gender factors Methods: Endoscopy and pathology evaluation reports from patients who had endoscopy for various reasons between January 2017 and January 2021 were reviewed in this study.The frequency of H. pylori infection were assessed based on gender, age group and season. The patients were classified as (-) none, (+) mild, (++) moderate, (+++) severe positivity using the Sydney classification. Results: A total of 2065 patients (45.8%% males, 54.2%% females) who had biopsies were included. Mean age was found as 39.0 ± 16.936 years (range 13-90 years). H. pylori positivity was detected as 52.15% (1077), while negativity was 47.8% (988). There was no statistically significant difference between the two sexes in terms of H. pylori frequencies. The highest rate of H. pylori positivity was found in the 15-30 age group (66.27%) and the lowest rate in the 61-90 age group (31.48%) in the age groups. Statistical significance was observed in terms of H. pylori frequencies among age groups (p< 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of total H. pylori frequencies between the seasons (p> 0.05). Conclusion: As a result, the frequency of H. pylori was found to be 52.15%. Due to the high rate of H. pylori positivity in our region, we think that it is a serious public health problem that still needs to be addressed in terms of the diseases it is associated with.