As a fascinating concept, the mechanisms of complex adaptive system (CAS) attracted many researchers from a variety of disciplines. Nevertheless, how the mechanism‐related variables, such as strategic resonance, accreting nodes, pattern forming, and catalytic behavior of organization, impact the firm product innovativeness is rarely addressed empirically in the new product development (NPD) literature. Also, there exist limited studies on the antecedents of the mechanisms of CAS in the NPD literature. In this respect, we identified and operationalized the adaptive management practices, which involve bonding, nonlinear, and attractor behaviors of management, as antecedents of mechanisms and firm product innovativeness. By studying 235 firms, we found that (1) strategic resonance and accreting nodes are positively related to firm product innovativeness, (2) bonding, nonlinear, and attractor behaviors of management positively influence the mechanism variables, and (3) market and technology turbulence impact the adaptive management practices. We also found that mechanisms of CAS partially mediate the relationship between adaptive management practices and firm product innovativeness.

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Purpose-It is assumed that transformational leadership as an organizational context might have a significant effect on the development of individual creativity capabilities within followers. Further, it is argued that intrinsic motivation mediates the transformational leadership behavior -individual creativity link, which we empirically know little about so far. Methodology-Given hypothesis were investigated by using 304 questionnaires from 61 manufacturing companies operating in Eastern Marmara region. To more vigorously test the proposed model, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed with SmartPLS 3.0 statistical program. Findings-The findings suggest that transformational leadership is an important tool that enhance individual creativity. The SEM results revealed that transformational leadership is positively associated with individual creativity and the effect of transformational leadership on individual creativity is partially mediated by inspirational motivation, which means both of our hypothesis are supported. Conclusion-According to the findings, transformational leaders provide their followers' with recognition, provide a vision towards future; they act as role models and promote followers' commitment. They encourage the followers to take risks, increase their energy to generate novel ideas and solutions. As a result, followers with increased self-confidence become more inspired motivated and creative. Additionally, these followers, through the way that their leaders behave them, are inspired and motivated to be more creative in doing their tasks. Partially through inspirational motivation transformational leaders can stimulate the creative capabilities of followers. Finally, this study reveals the fact that the effect of transformational leadership is partially mediated by inspirational mediation.