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Haematological and haemorheological responses against a moderate management stress, applied for 2 weeks, have been studied in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). The stress application leads to a significant reduction in circulating erythrocytes, which caused decreased blood viscosity. Although erythrocyte osmotic fragility showed a trend inversely related to the duration of management stress, no significant change in cell dimensions, aggregation and deformation indices was observed. Consequently, the decrease in oxygen transport capacity attributable to haematocrit reduction, is not compensated by a qualitative change in the microrheological behaviour of erythrocytes, since the blood viscosity decreases as a direct result of the decline in red blood cell number.

Background:Psychoactive substances affect mainly central nervous system and brain function causing changes in behavior.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different psychoactive substances on serum biochemical parameters.Patients and Methods:The study included 324 drug dependents, and 69 controls. The patient group was determined according to DSM-IV (The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition) criteria. All patients and control subjects were tested for routine biochemical parameters and urine toxicology parameters for psychoactive substance use. Cases and controls with accompanying diseases like diabetes, cancer, metabolic disorders etc. are excluded from the study. Moreover, an association between urine toxicology results and changes in biochemical parameters was evaluated for statistical significance.Results:There was a statistically significant difference in the Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), uric acid, creatinine, urea, albumin, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) medians between the dependent and control groups (P < 0.05). We found a statistically significant difference in sodium and albumin levels between the opium-dependent and control groups (P < 0.05). In the benzodiazepin dependent group, we found a significant difference in GGT, urea, glucose, sodium, T protein, and AST levels (P < 0.05). Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in triglyceride and GGT levels between the ethyl glucuronide and control groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions:In psychoactive substance dependents, serum routine biochemistry parameters can be used to predict the need for intensive monitoring and treatment programs.

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