The aim of the study was to analyze mandible of the Honamli and Hair goats according to the sex factor by geometric morphometric methods. A total of 36 adult goat mandibles including 9 males and 9 females for each breed, were used in the study. After the mandibles were photographed from the left lateral side, 10 homolog landmarks were marked. Generalized Procrustes, Relative Warp, and Principal Component Analysis were performed for the data of landmark coordinates. In the study, the first principal component explained 28.752% and 37.325% of the total shape difference in the Honamli and Hair goat, respectively. In the analysis made among goat breeds according to the sex factor, the first principal component explained 40.809% of the total shape difference in females and 30.486% of the total shape difference in males. Consequently, the Hair goat showed a significant sex difference compared to the Honamli goat. Besides, it was remarkable that male goats clustered clearly compared to female goats in terms of the breed factor.
The anterior tibial artery (ATA) is the most critical anatomical structure at risk at the distal border of the posterolateral approach to the tibial plateau. This study aimed to use available lower extremity digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images to determine the distal safe limit of this approach by measuring the distance from the tibial joint line to the ATA where it pierces the interosseous membrane. Tibial plateau mediolateral width (TP-ML-W) and the perpendicular distances from the ATA to the tibial joint line and fibular head were measured on DSA images in 219 lower extremities. To normalize the distances according to the tibial dimensions, each distance was divided by the TP-ML-W, and a ratio was obtained. Popliteal artery branching pattern was categorized according to the classification proposed by Kim et al. Comparative analysis between right and left extremities, genders, and anatomical variations were performed. There were 102 male and 26 female subjects with a mean age of 60.7 ± 15.7 years (range, 17–92 years). Ninety-one subjects had bilateral lower extremity DSA; thus, a total of 219 extremities were analyzed. The TP-ML-W was wider in male (78.3 ± 7.0) than female (70.5 ± 7.3) subjects (p = 0.001). The ATA coursed through the interosseous membrane at 50.9 ± 6.9 mm (range, 37.4–70.2 mm) distal to the tibial plateau joint line, and it was 66.5 ± 7.2% of the TP-ML-W. The ATA coursed through the interosseous membrane at 36.5 ± 6.0 mm (range, 21.9–53.8 mm) distal to the fibular head, and it was 47.7 ± 6.6% of the TP-ML-W. All measured variables were similar between the regular branching pattern of the popliteal artery (type 1A) and other observed variations among male subjects. The safe length of dissection in the posterolateral approach is average 66.5% (range, 45.7–86.7%) of the TP-ML-W. This ratio is valid for both genders. The use of a ratio instead of a distance, which is subject to personal variations, seems to be more logical and practical for planning this surgery, but the wide range should still not be ignored.
Background Previous quantitative studies have shown many of the perceived benefits of yoga practice on the mind and body. Although there are many quantitative studies in the international literature on yoga, the number of qualitative studies showing the experience of yoga practice is insufficient. An accurate demonstration of yoga participents experiences, opinions, and judgments on this subject requires a qualitative, rather than a quantitative approach. Purpose This study was to explore the benefit perceived by adults who have practiced yoga for a long time. Design and method This qualitative study is based on a hermeneutic–phenomenological approach. The research sample consisted of 18 adults who volunteered to participate in the research and regularly joined yoga practice. The study data were collected through individual and focus group interviews with the participants who practise yoga and analyzed by content analysis method. Results We created five themes. Themes coded by researchers: meaning of the concept of yoga (theme 1), physical, mental, and social state before starting yoga (theme 2), reasons for practising yoga (theme 3), the participants' experiences related to their physical and mental health and social relationships (theme 4), and difficulties of doing yoga (theme 5). In addition, individuals in the study reported their perceptions of the concept of "yoga" through the creation of metaphors that completed the following sentence “yoga is like ……”. These metaphors were used to give insight into the participants deep feelings about yoga. Conclusions Both in their individual and focus group interviews, almost all of the participants described that doing yoga has positive benefits on the mind and body. The positive experiences of the participants in the study included decrease in pain and flexibility, increase in sleep quality, development of positive personality traits, increase in self-esteem, and coping with anxiety and stress more effectively. Because the study was qualitative and long-term, it was able to evaluate the beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of individuals in a realistic, systematic, and detailed manner.
ÖZAmaç: Bu çalışmadaki amaç morfolojik olarak foramen mentalenin pozisyon tiplerini, varyasyonunu ve asimetrisini araştırmaktır. Yöntemler: Yaş ve cinsiyeti bilinmeyen 76 mandibula bilateral olarak incelendi. Bulgular: En çok görülen tipin sağ tarafta alt II. premolar diş hizasındaki pozisyon-IV olduğu (%39) saptandı ve alt I. premolar dişin anteriorunda bulunan pozisyon-I görülmedi. Dört mandibulada aksesuar foramen mentale sol tarafta tespit edildi (%2,63). Asimetrik pozisyonlar değerlendirildiğinde pozisyon-II ve III sol tarafta, pozisyon-IV, V, VI sağ tarafta üstünlük gösterdi. Sonuç: Foramen mentalenin pozisyon tiplerinin değerlendirilmesi cerrahi işlemler için yol gösterici olabilir. Ayrıca aksesuar foramen mentalenin varlığı diş ve implant cerrahisinde öncelikli olarak düşünülmelidir. Anahtar kelimeler: Foramen mentale, mandibula, aksesuar foramen mentale ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to morphologically investigate the types of position, variation, and asymmetry of the mental foramen. Methods: We examined 76 human adult dry mandibles bilaterally, the exact ages and sexes of which were unknown. Results: Position IV, which passed the second premolar teeth (39%) on the right side was the mostly detected position and position I was not observed in our study. Accessory foramens were noted in four mandibles (2.63%) on the left side. Asymmetric positions were dominantly observed in positions II and III on the left side and positions IV, V, and VI on the right side. GİRİŞCanalis mandibulae'nın çıkış yeri olan foramen mentalenin tespiti, tedavi planlaması, dental implant uygulamaları, endodontik tedaviler ve cerrahi müdahaleler için oldukça önemli-dir (1-4). Morfolojik olarak oval ya da yuvarlak şekilde olabilen foramen mentalenin çapı ortalama 3,5 mm, mandibula orta hattına uzaklığı ortalama 25-28 mm, mandibula tabanına olan mesafesi ortalama 12-15 mm'dir (5-8). Foramen mentale çoğu mandibulada alt II. premolar diş hizasında, margo inferior ve margo alveolaris arasında yer alır. Foramen mentale osteotomi operasyonu sırasında önemli bir anatomik landmarktır. Tebo ve Telford (9), foramen mentalenin pozisyonunu alt çenedeki diş-lerle ilişkili olarak altı tipte sınıflandırmıştır. Foramen mentale pozisyon-I'de alt I. premolar dişin anteriorunda, pozisyon-II'de alt I. premolar dişin apeksi hizasında, pozisyon-III'de alt I.ve II. premolar dişlerin apeksleri arasında, pozisyon-IV'de alt II. premolar dişin apeksi hizasında, pozisyon-V'te, alt II. premolar dişin posteriorunda, pozisyon-VI'da alt I.molar dişin apeksinin altında konumlanmıştır (9). Foramen mentale pozisyon tipleri açısından farklılıklar göstermektedir, aksesuar foramen mentale ise nadir görülen bir anatomik varyasyondur. Foramen mentale gebeliğin onikinci haftasına kadar gelişimini tamamlamaz. Onikinci haftayla birlikte bir çentik olarak belirir, gelişimin devamı sürecinde delik halini alır ve içinde nervus mentalis dallanmaya başlar. Bu dallanma foramen mentalenin gelişiminden önce gerçekleştiğinde aksesuar foramen mentalenin oluşumunun söz konusu o...
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