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The aim of this study was to determine changes in the incidence of nosocomial candidaemia and to evaluate the risk factors, demographic features, treatment and clinical outcome associated with candidaemia in a Turkish tertiary care paediatric unit within a 9-year period. The data of children who were diagnosed as nosocomial candidaemia, were examined in this study. Between January 1997 and December 2005, a total of 102 nosocomial candidaemia episodes were identified in 102 patients. The rate of nosocomial candidaemia in our clinic increased from 3.2 cases per 1000 admissions in 1997-1999, to 5.5 per 1000 admissions in 2000-2002 and to 6.9 per 1000 admissions in 2003-2005 (P = 0.003). The species most frequently causing candidaemia were Candida albicans (39.2%), Candida parapsilosis (21.6%) and Candida tropicalis (15.7%). The mortality of C. albicans (37.5%), was significantly higher than the mortality of non-albicans species (17.7%) (P = 0.04). Independent risk factors associated with candidaemia-related deaths by logistic regression analysis were disseminated candidiasis (odds ratio, 5.7; P = 0.01), paediatric intensive care unit stay (odds ratio, 8.1; P = 0.001), prolonged antibiotics therapy (odds ratio, 5.2; P = 0.014), use of total parenteral nutrition (odds ratio, 4.4; P = 0.038) and mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 4.9; P = 0.01). The rate of nosocomial candidaemia in our clinic increased >2-fold during the study period.

AIM: This research has aimed to determine knowledge and practice status of nurses about breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography and Pap smear and about influencing status of some variables related to these examinations. METHOD: This descriptive study was conducted in an education hospital in Ankara between March 1st and May 30th, 2008. Three hundred-fifty nurses (82.7%) have accepted to participate in the study. Data were collected by a questionnaire form including questions about demographics, their knowledge and practice status about BSE, CBE, mammography and Pap smear. Chi-square test, numbers and percentages were used for evaluating the data. RESULTS: Overall, 46.9% of nurses had enough knowledge about early diagnosis of breast and cervix cancer. 60.2% of them can carry BSE, 18.8% can carry out CBE and 7.3% can carry out mammography. Pap smear is carried out by 23.7% of the nurses. Negligence, fear of cancer and thought of finding them unnecessary were determined as reasons for avoidance. Their knowledge and practice were significantly different (p<0.05) according to their age and service where they work. CONCLUSION: It has been concluded that although knowledge and practices of nurses on breast and cervix cancer are at a good level, this isn’t enough when importance of early diagnosis in breast and cervix cancer are taken into consideration, which are among common cancers in women. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(6.000): 605-612

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