BACKGROUND Febrile seizure is the most common type of seizure that affects children under 5 years of age. Micronutrient deficienc ies like zinc deficiency, have been linked with febrile seizures in children. We wanted to determine the correlation between zinc deficiency and febrile seizures in children aged between 6 months and 6 years of age. METHODS This case control study was held in a tertiary care centre in 2013. 75 children aged 6 months to 60 months with first/recurrent episode of febrile seizures constituted the cases. Age and sex matched controls with non-seizure febrile illness were taken as controls. Zinc levels in both groups were compared. RESULTS Mean serum zinc levels among the febrile seizure group [54.53 mcg/dl] was much lesser than that in control group [89.88 mcg/dl] and the difference was statistically significant with p value of <0.05. CONCLUSION Hypozincaemia was observed in children with febrile seizures. However large prospective trials are needed to confirm the association.

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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Alterations in human voice occur frequently and patients usually complain of hoarseness of voice. Laryngeal paralysis is an important differential diagnosis in patients complaining change of voice. Because of simplicity and ease, maximum phonation time (MPT) and S/Z ratio have become the most frequently used clinical tools to assess phonatory mechanics. Published research studying analysis of MPT and S/Z ratio in patients with vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is scanty. Hence this study was taken up to study MPT and S/Z ratios in patients with laryngeal paralysis.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>62 patients with VCP were included in our study. Complete history was taken and examination was done in all patients. VCP was confirmed by indirect laryngoscopic examination. The MPT and S/Z ratios were evaluated in a quiet room. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 22.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean MPT in males with VCP was 6.71±0.54 and in females it was 6.80±2. Mean S/Z ratio in males was 1.69±0.54, in females 1.59±0.35. The difference between laterality of VCP and MPT was statistically highly significant and the difference between laterality of VCP and S/Z ratio was also statistically highly significant. Our study shows no statistically significant difference in MPT and S/Z ratio with respect to age and gender. There was a significant negative correlation between MPT and S/Z ratio. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Irrespective of age and gender MPT and S/Z ratio are simple and effective objective clinical tests to diagnose paralytic laryngeal pathologies. As laryngeal pathology heals on treatment MPT and S/Z ratio are expected to normalize indicating therapeutic progress.<strong></strong></p>

BACKGROUND Febrile seizures [FS] are convulsions brought on by a fever in infants or small children. Most common age group affected is between 6 months to 60 months. Studies showed that there is a variable association between febrile seizures and iron deficiency anaemia [IDA] in children. This study compared various haematological indices with febrile seizures to detect iron deficiency anaemia among children. METHODS This is a comparative observational study. 200 children were recruited, among which 100 children aged between 6 months and 6 years, with febrile seizures, were taken as cases, and another 100 children in similar age group, only with fever and without seizures, were taken as controls. Various blood parameters were analysed between these two groups to detect iron deficiency. RESULTS Haematological parameters like Hb % and serum ferritin were significantly lower, and RDW was significantly increased in cases as compared to controls. This signifies a definite correlation between iron deficiency and febrile seizures. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association between children with FS and iron deficiency anaemia. This suggests that IDA maybe be a risk factor for FS and all children with FS require iron indices and iron supplementation.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma, also known as cribriform tumour or Cylindroma owing to the cellular arrangement or type of tissue that it originates from, is rare and shows perineural invasiveness as a pathognomic feature making treatment challenging. The tumour is known to arise in the salivary glands and seldom seen in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. We here present a rare case of ACC occurring beyond its usual premise.A male patient aged 32 presented with unilateral nasal obstruction and epistaxis and on examination a growth in the right nasal cavity was noted to peculiarly arise from beneath the mucosa of the nasal floor, extending posteriorly up to the choana, not involving the turbinates or septum. DNE with biopsy was done and CECT PNS was done for further evaluation and the mass was diagnosed to be stage III sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma.This tumour originates from minor salivary glands and its presentation in the nose and paranasal sinuses has been reported to be very sparse. This is perhaps a reason for it to be missed out in daily practice due to clinical features being similar to several inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Histopathological cribriform and tubular subtypes are less aggressive than solid form and that determine the prognosis. It is a disease of 6th and 7th decade, slow growing and locally invasive very unusual to find it in a young patient such as ours.Though uncommon the ACC mustn’t go undiagnosed and must be differentiated from commoner nasal masses. Otorhinolaryngologists need to work in collaboration with pathologists and oncologists to accurately diagnose and treat this belligerent tumour in a multifaceted approach. Complete surgical excision with post-operative radiotherapy is the most accepted treatment plan