Previous research has identified 11 technologies that use resources that are available in or come from cities. It has been established that using these technologies, the flows from energy carriers required by cities could be reduced. These carriers can be electricity or fuels. Of the identified technologies, eight can produce electricity: biomass, biodigestor biogas, landfill biogas, waste incineration, tidal, small wind, small hydroelectric and photovoltaic technologies. The use of these technologies depends on the existence of resources and technical, economic and social or environmental factors. This research proposes the use of multiple-criteria techniques to select the most appropriate options for promoting renewable energy in cities. This approach was applied to the medium-sized city of Cuenca in Ecuador. Ecuador is a developing country, is an oil producer and has important water resources. The authors concluded that studies of the potential for implementing hydroelectric and solar photovoltaic energy and energy from landfill gas should be extended. The results coincide with the existing resources, implemented projects and the expectations of local professionals.
Expectations against environmental degradation, including future effects of global warming, require changes in the way how the city is conceived. As an essential, is necessary that public policies and organized planning to consider concepts related to energy supply with the resources that have the cities. Given the enormous pressure of the cities on the environment, the proposed changes are in fact an opportunity to promote sustainability. In a previous study, eleven technologies that use resources available or that come from the cities was determined. It was established that with the widespread use of these technologies, it possible reduce flows from energy carriers that require a city. These energy carriers may be electricity or fuel, and are used for producing heating, power, lighting or data process. Of the technologies described, eight can be used for electricity generation: biomass, biogas from digester, biogas landfill, waste incineration, tidal, wind, small hydro and photovoltaic. The possible use of one or other technology depends not only on the existence of the resource. Is necessary, take in count, technical, economic, social or environmental factors. This research proposes to use multicriteria techniques to analyze holistically the most appropriate option for promoting energy renewable in a particular city.
<p style="text-align: justify;">Para la elaboración del presente artículo, se asume que el desconocimiento de los avances tecnológicos o nuevas tecnologías se le conoce como analfabetismo digital, debido a que los individuos no tienen como interactuar con este tipo de herramientas y obtener mayores ventajas de las mismas, lo cual se traduce en el no manejo de un ordenador, del software, internet, y demás herramientas informáticas, factor que influye en el ámbito profesional, personal y social de cada persona. Al plantearse inicialmente un estudio sobre la influencia de los servicios de telecomunicaciones en las zonas rurales del cantón Cuenca-Ecuador, los autores determinaron la necesidad de establecer un piso teórico sobre el tema, y por ello el objetivo del presente, es exponer la revisión teórica hecha al respecto. La metodología utilizada fue el análisis del discurso. Se concluyó que si se sigue asociando alfabetización digital con planillas de cálculo, presentaciones y procesador de texto se tendrá una visión limitada del potencial de las nuevas tecnologías, los jóvenes basan las actividades tecnológicas a servicios colaborativos, redes sociales y a la comunicación por Internet, la cual no se limita solamente al correo electrónico, por lo que una vez más se recalca la importancia de que las personas sepan reconocer e identificar el potencial de las tecnologías propiciando así un verdadero alfabetismo tecnológico o digital.</p>
Forma sugerida de citación: Barragán, E.; Arias, P. y Terrados, J. (2016). «Fomento del metabolismo energético circular mediante generación eléctrica proveniente de rellenos sanitarios: Estudio de caso, Cuenca, Ecuador». Ingenius. N.• 16, (Julio-Diciembre). pp. 36-42. ISSN: 1390-650X. Resumen AbstractLa provisión de recursos y energía para las ciudades es un reto para los planificadores urbanos. Más del 50 % de la población está concentrada en las ciudades y se espera que esta tendencia se incremente. Bajo el enfoque del metabolismo urbano, a las ciudades se las puede considerar como un ecosistema artificial, que requiere de materiales, nutrientes, agua y energía. La obtención de estos recursos ejerce una enorme presión sobre el medioambiente, no solo por el requerimiento de materia prima, sino por la generación de emisiones, residuos y efluentes. Por ello se plantea nuevas formas de recuperar los recursos, cambiando el modelo urbano desde un metabolismo lineal a uno circular. Una de las tecnologías que reúne estos requisitos es utilizar el biogás de los rellenos sanitarios para producir energía eléctrica. De esta manera, se disminuye la importación de energía hacia la ciudad y se reducen las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Se focaliza el análisis al Relleno Sanitario de Pichacay, ubicado en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador.The provision of resource and energy for the cities is the goal for the urban planning team. 50% or more of the people is living on the metropolitan area of the cities and this trend is expected to increase. Under the urban metabolism approach to cities they can be considered as an artificial ecosystem that requires materials, nutrients, water and energy. Obtaining these resources causes enormous pressure on the environment, not only by the requirements of raw material but by production of contaminants. This paper propose a new behavior of recovering resources arises, changing the urban model from a linear to a circular metabolism. One technology that meets these requirements is to use biogas from landfills to generation of electricity. Reducing purchasing of energy import to the city and emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced too. The analysis of Pichacay Landfill, located in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, was prepared.Palabras clave: metabolismo urbano, energías renovables, biogás, sostenibilidad energética.
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