Diagnostic hysteroscopy should be included routinely in the work-up of invasive examinations for infertility patients. Anyhow, one can rarely expect to find the definite underlying reason for infertility. In infertile patients about 20% of hysteroscopic examinations show some grade of intrauterine abnormalities. Congenital uterine malformations are the most frequently found disorders. In the group of patients with habitual abortions abnormalities are found much more often and can also be more often interpreted as the mainly underlying factor for the repeated abortions. Operative hysteroscopy has become the surgical method of first choice for the treatment of uterine septa, submucous myomas, polyps and synechia. After septum dissection results are excellent. Myoma removal also shows beneficial effects on fertility; nevertheless, cases are not too frequent among infertility patients. In cases of high-grade Asherman's syndrome, the prognosis after hysteroscopic surgery is still often poor.

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