Determination of AI using routine long term (24 h) ECG analysis is important because sleep apnea can be successfully treated as an etiological or contributing factor of arrhythmias.

Introduction. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces mortality and hospitalization in patients with symptomatic heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB) on optimal drug therapy. Among all, the reasons for ?non-response? to CRT pacemaker could be the failure to achieve optimal left ventricular (LV) lead position due to severe curve or stenosis/occlusion of the target vein. Case report. We presented a 79-old-male patient, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III, with atrial fibrillation, chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), and prior myocardial infarction. The patient underwent coronary artery bypass surgery and mechanical prosthetic aortic valve implantation. He was indicated for CRT. The patient?s venogram revealed ostial/proximal severe curve and stenosis of the posterolateral vein, the only vein of coronary sinus that led to anatomically optimal LV segment for stimulation. After the balloon angioplasty of the curved and stenotic portion of the target vein with compliant balloon 4.0 ? 30 mm, a satisfactory and stable position of quadripolar LV lead was achieved. Conclusion. Compliant balloon angioplasty could be a safe and efficient way to override severe coronary vein stenosis in some CRT cases.

The implementation of the general objectives of environmental and climate policy implies significant involvement of low-carbon transport. High-speed rail (HSR) transport is particularly interesting, which is, unfortunately, usually not profitable for the owner of this infrastructure. Redirecting passenger and freight traffic from the road to rail improves the economic performance of the HSR, while improving the performance of the environmental protection system by reducing the amount of fossil fuel used by the transport sector and greenhouse gas emissions. The aforementioned economic and ecological benefits usually precede investments in the modernization of the existing railway infrastructure. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the share of environmental benefits in comparison with other benefits on the example of the project of reconstruction and modernization of the railway in Serbia using cost-benefit analysis. The financial analysis of the reconstruction and modernization project for the Novi Sad-Suboticathe border with Hungary railway line has not shown a satisfactory level of financial internal rate of return (FIRR), and the final decision on the implementation of the project can be made after carrying out a socioeconomic analysis. The socioeconomic analysis of the project pointed to the significant contribution of the project to the overall socioeconomic well-being of the country and/or region. In the structure of the overall socioeconomic benefits from the realization of the project, the savings due to reduced pollution of the environment is predominant, especially in freight traffic. This indicates a high ecological contribution of this and similar projects to the community.