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Abstract. The Schaeffler diagram is regarded through a historical perspective in order to review Anton Schaeffler's life and to analyze the genesis of the famous structural abacus that made him known throughout the world and still serves as a reference today. The equivalence coefficients of addition elements complementary to chromium and nickel, either alpha formers or gamma formers, were at the heart of the subject. The crystallographic structures of many standard steels, and hence several of their mechanical properties, can be partly predicted before manufacturing on the sole basis of their chemical compositions. A chronological review helps to understand the creative work that was done during this initial research.Keywords: steel welding / heterogeneous bonding / stainless steel coating / chromium and nickel equivalents / dilution line / structural compatibility The Schaeffler diagram has been frequently used and cited for nearly 70 years. It keeps its importance and freshness in the forecasting of welding operations of steels and in the implementation of complex boiler assemblies. It has been an inspiration for many other works in order to specify the action of addition elements, complementary to chromium or nickel, and it is frequently presented in many reference books in materials science for engineering students and engineers. The chemical additions can thus be interpreted on the basis of the notion of equivalence coefficients, an overall concept that helps the choice of the steel grades to use in the production of optimized workpieces for nuclear industry, chemical industry, shipbuilding, aeronautics, etc. The concept also exists for titanium alloys for instance (aluminium versus molybdenum equivalent contents, respectively for a-stabilizers versus b-stabilizers).

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