Minimally invasive, arthroscopic guided toggle rod stabilization may be an alternative to the currently accepted open approach when addressing coxofemoral luxations.

Objective: To determine the mechanical pull-out properties of a 2.5-mm bone anchor implanted in ex vivo femurs of toy breed dogs and to determine whether there is a difference between knotted and knotless configurations. Study design: Experimental study.Sample population: Eight paired harvested femurs. Methods: Femurs were assigned to knotted or knotless configuration. Equal

Objective: To evaluate the use of an intra-articular aiming device (IAD) for medial shoulder stabilization with a suture-toggle repair or an interference screw repair using bone anchors in dogs. Study design: Ex-vivo StudyMethods: Specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups (anchor and suture-toggle) with 10 shoulders each. Abduction angles were measured by goniometry prior to and following medial glenerohumeral ligament transection and after receiving arthroscopically assisted stabilization with either bone anchors or suture-toggle constructs. Bone stock and insertion angles were measured with computed tomography scans. All specimens were inspected by dissection.Results: Abduction angles increased post-transection in both groups, and were restored to normal in the anchor group, but 2 smaller than normal in the suture-toggle group following stabilization. Median magnitude of bone stock surrounding all tunnels ranged between 5.9 and 12.9 mm in the anchor group and 8.8 and 15.6 mm in the suture-toggle group (p = .002). Median insertion angles at the cranial glenoid, caudal glenoid, and humerus were 17.3 , 36.8 and 43.4 in the anchor group, respectively, and median insertion angles at the glenoid and humerus were 38.2 and 35.6 in the suture-toggle group, respectively (p = .91). Placement of anchors were not feasible in 3 specimens in the anchor group, and mild violations of the articular surfaces were detected in 3 specimens overall. Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization with an IAD was feasible in canine cadavers.Clinical Significance: An IAD may facilitate arthroscopic shoulder stabilization in dogs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate safety and efficacy in a clinical setting. | INTRODUCTIONThe canine shoulder joint is highly mobile with an extensive range of motion. Its design reflects this. A relatively small glenoid is paired with the much larger humeral head to accommodate this range of motion and as a result has an inherent predisposition to instability. 1,2 A complex interaction between both passive and active stabilizers is required to maintain stability. The active stabilizers, such as subscapularis, supraspinatus,

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