The chemical constituents of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from stem and root of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. and Ipomoea carnea Jacq. were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total contents of lipid and oil were higher in the stem than in the root of T. purpurea and I. carnea. The essential oils extracted from the stem and root of T. purpurea and I. carnea contained 9 and 8 compounds, respectively. Hexadecanoic acid was found to be the principal constituent of stem (69.61 %) and root (46.97 %) of T. purpurea and of the stem (70.61 %) and root (88.89 %) of I. carnea. The findings of the present study suggest that the EOs of T. purpurea and I. carnea could be a source of hexadecanoic acid that could be used for industrial purposes. The essential oils of T. purpurea and I. carnea showed stronger repellent activity for males (-0.73 and -0.70 for T. purpurea and I. carnea stem EO, respectively) than for females (-0.63 and -0.59 for T. purpurea and I. carnea stem EO, respectively) of the banana pseudostem weevil Odoiporus longicollis. The results indicated that the active compounds of essential oils from stems of T. purpurea and I. carnea could be explored as natural repellents for the control of Odoiporus longicollis.

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Tephrosia purpurea stem extract fractions shows more amount of Cyclohexane, 1ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, (1α,2β,4β)-(62.32 %). Secondary metabolites contents were higher in stem than root of T. purpurea. It is the first time a chalcone (Pongamol) was crystallized from the column chromatography fraction of T. purpurea stem extract identified by using FT-IR and XRD. Quantitative analysis of T. purpurea stem and root reveals that total saponins, tannins and phenols (mg/g plant powder) contents were higher in the former than the latter part of the plant respectively.

The aim of the present study is to focus on the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities from Annona squamosa plant seed extracts. The plant A. squamosa seed was extracted with various solvents like chloroform, methanol, hexane, petroleum ether and acetone. The antimicrobial activities of all these extracts were determined by disc diffusion method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteius vulgaries, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli pathogens. Methanol, hexane and acetone extracts of A. squamosa showed highest antimicrobial activity against all pathogens. Cytotoxic activity of A. squamosa seed extract was tested using Artemia salina (Brine shrimp) bioassay. In cytotoxicity study, extract caused 86% mortality of Brine shrimp larvae after 24 h at a concentration of 500 µg/mL.