В статье рассматривается проблема подтверждения длительной безотказности современного конденсаторостроения в короткие сроки, а именно, оксидно-электролитических алюминиевых конденсаторов, танталовых объемно-пористых конденсаторов и конденсаторов с двойным электрическим слоем. Особое внимание уделяется эксплуатационным параметрам конденсаторов - емкости и эквивалентному последовательному сопротивлению. Проведено исследование длительной безотказности оксидно-электролитических алюминиевых конденсаторов (3000 ч), танталовых объемно-пористых конденсаторов (24 000 ч) и конденсаторов с двойным электрическим слоем (600 ч), получены статистические данные распределения емкости и эквивалентного последовательного сопротивления. Для уменьшения времени испытаний на длительную безотказность был использован ускоренный метод испытаний на надежность стресс-теста. Анализ результатов испытаний конденсаторов на длительную безотказность и методом «Стресс-тест» показал, что применение метода «Стресс-тест» допустимо при испытании объемно-пористых танталовых конденсаторов и оксидно-электролитических алюминиевых конденсаторов, так как прослеживается аналогичный характер изменения электрических параметров, как после проведения испытаний на длительную безотказность. Однако применение метода «Стресс-тест» для конденсаторов с двойным электрическим слоем не представляется возможным в связи с отличной структурой и требует дополнительного подбора режимов проведения испытаний.

The paper discusses the possibility of conducting accelerated tests to assess the quality of tantalum bulk-porous capacitors according to the developed STRESS TEST technique instead of outdated methods that require costly resources for testing and do not provide proper rejection of capacitors (detection of defects in the oxide layer). It is known that the grown amorphous pentoxide is able to form a uniform layer on the surface of tantalum, but due to various factors (due to surface roughness, porosity, uneven distribution of the electrolyte during the oxidation process and the electric contact of the carrier-anode), a surface is created with "problem areas", "incomplete formation", or, in other words, a "weak spot", the rejection of which is most important for modern tantalum capacitors. A comparative analysis of the application of the standard method and the STRESS TEST technique for accelerated evaluation of the quality of tantalum bulk-porous capacitors will prove the effectiveness of the developed technique. The developed STRESS TEST technique is based on cyclic (10 cycles) application of an increased voltage to the capacitor (corresponding to the voltage during the formation of an oxide layer on a tantalum anode) for the duration of each cycle for 5 minutes, which is proved by calculating this process based on the Zhurkov reliability acceleration model. The technique makes it possible to identify low-quality capacitors in advance with defects in the structure of the oxide layer. The technique makes it possible to evaluate the quality of capacitors in an accelerated time, which is confirmed by the obtained regression model of equivalent series resistance in comparison with the regression model of the standard type of tests for long-term reliability for 24,000 hours. The application of the STRESS TEST technique for tantalum volumetrically porous capacitors will reduce the testing time by approximately two and a half years.

Introduction. Connective tissue is ubiquitous in the human body, hereditary connective tissue disorders affect several systems and organs, undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia is often not diagnosed, proceeds under the guise of another pathology, and the pathogenetic basis of COVID-19 is a systemic disease associated with vascular inflammation and endothelial damage. The goal is to study the clinical and laboratory features of a new coronavirus infection in patients with connective tissue dysplasia.Materials and methods. The study included 117 patients diagnosed with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 aged 35 to 65 years, hospitalized in an infectious diseases hospital City Clinical Hospital No. 40 in Ekaterinburg. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group (n=90) people with the stigmas of connective tissue dysplasia and the comparison group: (n=27) people without signs of connective tissue dysplasia. Inclusion criteria: the presence of stigma of connective tissue dysplasia, the presence of a confirmed infection with COVID-19 (PCR of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2). Exclusion criteria: age over 65, comorbidities: diseases of the musculoskeletal system, chronic kidney disease, pregnancy, HIV infection, oncohematological and lymphoproliferative diseases.Results. The course of a new coronavirus infection against the background of connective tissue dysplasia is characterized by: 1) fever in 100% of patients; 2) damage to the lungs of more than 50% of the lung tissue with signs of respiratory failure in 63%; 3) a pronounced systemic inflammatory response syndrome, manifested by a significant increase in C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase.Discussion. An analysis of the results showed that one of the predictors of the severity of the course of COVID-19 infection may be the presence of connective tissue markers of dysplasia (odds ratio 7.4, 95% CI 2.6-21.3).Conclusion. The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 proceeds against the background of connective tissue dysplasia more severely with a pronounced intoxication syndrome with an early and longer manifestation of acute respiratory failure.