Abstract:This work presents an analysis of different proposals of rehabilitation of a masonry building, built around the beginning of the XX century for public schools, in the highest seismic risk zone of Argentine; and which was closed down after Mendoza`s Earthquake in 1985. The building has masonry walls of artisanal ceramic bricks and wood-framed roof but it does not have lateral ties. Currently, it gives evidence of structural pathologies due to various seismic events and the lack of maintenance by water losses. The work was developed in two stages, one in 1999, and the other one in 2010. At each stage, the evaluation of pathologies was carried out. Studies of the soil and the characterization of materials used were also conducted. As a reference, the effect of vibrations generated by the traffic was measured. With the parameters obtained, the structure was modeled through finite elements in order to verify the status of damage and the behavior of the proposed rehabilitation (reinforced concrete or steel structure). The technique of rehabilitation accepted by the heritage experts is the reversible type, in order to avoid further damage to the existing masonry. The seismic capacity is evaluated according to the rules in force. Both proposals should be considered as determining the site conditions and soils in relation to the vulnerability of construction and structural safety. The chosen solution has not only taken into account the use but also the service life of this intervention and the lowest cost possible with local technologies.

En América se ha utilizado la mampostería cerámica cocida desde mediados del siglo XVIII la cual forma parte del patrimonio cultural local. La permanencia en el tiempo se debe a su técnica de construcción, calidad de materiales y mantenimiento además del efecto de los terremotos. Se presentan resultados de inspección detallada de cinco construcciones de mampostería cerámica de valor patrimonial con diferentes patologías que requieren distintas tecnologías de puesta en valor en la zona de mayor riesgo sísmico de Argentina. La metodología de estudio utilizada para las propuestas de rehabilitación incluye la modelación por elementos finitos, lo que requiere de parámetros de comportamiento de mampuestos y morteros para comprender las patologías subyacentes obtenidos de ensayos de laboratorio y monitoreo in situ. La puesta en valor debe considerar que no se presente incompatibilidad de materiales aplicando tecnologías locales.

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RESUMENSe aplica la modelación numérica de un edificio de mampostería cerámica cocida de fines del siglo XIX en la zona de mayor riesgo sísmico de Argentina mediante el método de los elementos finitos. Para la verificación estructural se formula un modelo no lineal, utilizando elementos tipo shell que simulan el comportamiento no lineal de la mampostería a fin de verificar la estructura ante distintas acciones considerando el daño existente y por otro lado, se analiza la estructura en forma lineal para diseñar y verificar el refuerzo propuesto. Para el comportamiento del suelo se utiliza el modelo de Mohr Coulomb elasto-plástico. La validez de los resultados obtenidos implica utilizar parámetros derivados de estudios de campo y laboratorio a escala natural, de muretes de espesores similares. La eficiencia de la puesta en valor se analiza mediante técnicas de identificación de sistemas previo a la rehabilitación y posterior a ella.Palabras clave: mampostería; gran espesor; sismo; modelación.ABSTRACTA numerical modeling of an artisanal ceramic brick masonry building dated from the late nineteenth century in the area of the highest seismic hazard of Argentina by the finite element method is applied. A nonlinear model is formulated, using shell elements that simulate the nonlinear behavior of the masonry structure in order to verify some actions considering existing damage. On the other hand, the structure is analyzed elastically for design and verify the proposed reinforcement. The soil foundation behavior is modeled by elastoplastic Mohr Coulom. The validity of the results obtained from field studies and laboratory tests, where low walls are made of similar thickness parameters. The efficiency of the enhancement is analyzed using identifying system techniques prior to rehabilitation and post it.Keywords: masonry; large thickness; earthquake; modelation.

Masonry is a composite material characterised by its good behaviour under dead loads and in a nonaggressive environment. However, this noble material does not satisfactorily resist seismic loads. The different types of historical masonry that have remained over time are characterised by an adequate mixture of materials with low chemical reactions that are degrading due to environmental conditions. There are numerous historical masonry construction techniques in the world, reflecting local conditions of materials and workmanship. The key to its permanence and maintenance over time despite the effects of earthquakes is the construction technology and quality of materials used. As a result of earthquake damage observation and experimental research, various technical solutions for rehabilitation and retrofit of masonry are now available. Finite element modelling has become a very useful tool to identify the damage problem in historical masonry but requires a significant contribution of parameters obtained from destructive and nondestructive tests.