Abstract:The study presents the effect of desludging ratio (oil to acid ratio) and adsorption ratio (oil to clay ratio) on the recovery of low pour fuel oil (LPFO) from spent engine oil. Two major unit operations were use to recycle the spent engine oil: the desludging and the adsorption. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used as the reagent to effect the desludging operation while activated clay was used as the adsorbent in the adsorption operation. The result shows that the efficiency of the recycling operation depends on the reagent ratio used (desludging and adsorption ratios) and increases with the ratios. However, a desludging ratio of 20:1 and an adsorption ratio of 10:1 gave the best recovery of 82.9%. Also the specific gravity, API gravity, pour point, flash point and viscosity index of the recycled oil are lower than the fresh and the spent oil.

This paper presents predictions of spray characteristics of model gasoline, ethanol gasoline-ethanol fuel blends. Fuel breakup models and correlations between flow patterns and droplet characteristics were adopted and implemented in OpenFOAM Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling suite l for direct gasoline injector using a simple cylindrical mesh structure at constant volume. The Rosin Rammler distribution model was used to generate the number of spray particles injected into the cylinder. The spray modeling and atomization employed the use of blob sheet model and KH-RT model while the numerical technique for simulating atomization process by CFD included the use of governing equations such as Eulerian for gas phase, Lagrangian for disperse phase and turbulence modeling. Spray evolution at various energizing times particle density and The Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) relationships and particle size distribution were studied in simulation mode. The results showed that with longer injection time frame and wider injection angle, the penetration width was wider and the penetration length deeper (longer) resulting in better atomization. Concerning particle density and its distribution, as number of particle increased, the density of clusters became smaller.

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