-In this paper the measurements taken for the development of instruction-level energy models for microprocessors are presented and analyzed. An appropriate measuring environment and a suitable measuring methodology was developed for taking the necessary measurements. The energy of an instruction is defined as a sum of three components. The pure base energy cost, the inter-instruction cost and the effect of the energy sensitive factors (instruction parameters). These components are characterized for each instruction of the ARM7TDMI embedded processor and their values are analyzed. Using the resulted models estimates of the energy consumption of real software kernels with only up to 5% error was determined.

A current measurement configuration for the estimation of the power consumption of processing systems is presented in this work. The problem addressed is to measure the variations of the power supply current of digital circuits (and especially of embedded processing circuits) and to calculate from these measurements the energy consumption variations associated with certain tasks performed by the system software. Accurate monitoring of the instantaneous variations of the power supply current provides the appropriate information for the estimation of the power consumption at different operating situations of the processor (core) and of the overall processing system as well (consumption of peripheral units). The proposed instantaneous current measuring approach, along with the execution of special test programs for analysis of inter-instruction effects, is expected to provide clear information of the power behavior of single-chip processing systems for low-power applications.

In this paper the measurements taken for the development of instruction-level energy models for microprocessors are presented and analyzed. An appropriate measuring environment and a suitable measuring methodology was developed for taking the necessary measurements. The energy of an instruction is defined as a sum of three components. The pure base energy cost, the inter-instruction cost and the effect of the energy sensitive factors (instruction parameters). These components are characterized for each instruction of the ARM7TDMI embedded processor and their values are analyzed. Using the resulted models estimates of the energy consumption of real software kernels with only up to 5% error was determined.

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The Athos peninsula occupies the south-eastern part of the wider Chalkidiki peninsula in Central Macedonia, Greece. It is mainly built up by crystalline rocks belonging to the Serbo-Macedonian massif, traditionally constituting, along with the Rhodope massif, the Hellenic hinterland. According to the basic geological map of the peninsula, its northern part is mainly composed of marbles grouped into the Kerdyllion Unit, and biotite gneisses and two-mica gneisses grouped into the Vertiskos Unit of the Serbo-Macedonian massif, whereas the contact between the units is considered as a normal contact, although it has been re-evaluated as tectonic later on. Moreover, amphibolites and ultramafic rocks exist along with the previously mentioned rocks, making the geology and relationship between the two units much more complicated. Two detailed cross-sections and structural analysis permit us to revise the geology of the region concluding that the marbles, the amphibolite gneisses, formerly independent amphibolites, and the biotite gneisses belong to the Kerdyllion Unit that is strongly characterized by migmatization and anatexis, whereas the Vertiskos Unit is represented predominantly by two-mica gneisses that were not extensively, if at all, affected by these phenomena. Isoclinal folding and intense shearing with an overall top-to-the-S sense of shear resulted in the main fabric of the rocks and the mylonitic shear zone between the units. More importantly, the two-mica gneiss of the Vertiskos Unit is sandwiched between the rocks of the Kerdyllion Unit. We attribute both isoclinal folding and shearing to a Mesozoic tectonic event associated with an amphibolite facies metamorphism, leading to an Alpine reworking of the Serbo-Macedonian massif. This Alpine reworking continues during Eocene times with an ENE-WSW compression, giving rise to asymmetric to inverted folds, co-axially refolding pre-existing fabrics and structures. Our work strongly suggests that the overall structure and tectono-stratigraphy concerning the Vertiskos and Kerdyllion Units as well as the contact between them should not be based on the existence of the marbles, as traditionally followed up till now, but on the migmatization and anatexis processes that are almost absent from the rocks of the Vertiskos Unit.