The prevention and treatment of periodontal disease is based on accurate diagnosis, reduction or elimination of causative agents, risk management and correction of the harmful effects of the disease. The practice of risk assessment involves dental care providers identifying patients and populations at increased risk of developing periodontal disease. This can have a significant impact on clinical decision making. Risk assessment reduces the need for complex periodontal therapy, improve patient outcome and, ultimately, reduce oral health care cost. The awareness of risk factors also helps with the identification and treatment of co-morbidities in the general population as many periodontal disease risk factors are common to other chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

Periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia are both multifactorial disease with a high prevalence Worldwide. Cross-sectional and longitudinal prospective clinical studies show some evidence for a bidirectional relationship. Periodontitis and hyperlipidemia share some common risk factors and there exist a mechanistic link between both. Studies have found a positive response to periodontal therapy among hyperlipidemic patients, and statin use by hyperlipidemic patients has shown to influence the periodontal health. However, in spite of the rising prevalence of both diseases, many people remain unaware of their association with each other. Hence, this article summarizes the cyclic relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia.

Aim:To evaluate the effect of initial periodontal therapy on serum NO levels in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with or without type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Materials and methods: A total of 90 subjects (group I-30 healthy controls, group I-30 CP and group III-30 CP with T2DM) participated in this study. Groups II and III subjects received initial periodontal therapy. Clinical periodontal parameters (OHI-S, GI, PPD, and CAL) and serum NO levels were evaluated at baseline and 4 weeks after initial periodontal therapy. Serum NO levels were determined by the Spectrophotometric assay based on the Griess colorimetric reaction.Results: Four weeks after initial periodontal therapy both groups II and III exhibited improvement in clinical periodontal parameters (OHI-S, GI, PPD, CAL) and reduction in serum levels of NO from its baseline values (Baseline-Group II: 3.respectively). However, statistically significant differences were observed only with OHI-(S) and serum NO values in both groups II and III (p < 0.05). When the baseline values of groups II and III were compared the differences were non-significant except for GI (p < 0.05). However, when the post-treatment clinical periodontal parameters and serum NO level of groups II and III were compared, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed except for PPD and CAL between the groups.Conclusion: NO can be utilized as a good indicator of the inflammatory status of the periodontium. Initial periodontal therapy is effective in reducing serum levels of NO in CP patients with or without T2DM. Clinical significance:A bidirectional relationship exists between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. NO is found to play a significant role in the pathobiology of both CP and T2DM. Initial periodontal therapy seems to be beneficial in reducing serum NO levels along with periodontal parameters in CP patients with or without T2DM. However further studies are warranted to enhance our knowledge about the role of NO in periodontal diseases in the course of diabetes.

Objective:This in vitro study was designed to assess shear bond strength (SBS) of ormocer flowable (OF) resin as a luting agent, ormocer as an indirect veneer material with portrayal of modes of failures using scanning electron microscope (SEM).Materials and Methods:Sixty maxillary central incisors were divided into Group I, II, and III with 20 samples each based on luting cement used. They were OF, self-adhesive (SA) cement, and total etch (TE) cement. These groups were subdivided into “a” and “b” of ten each based on the type of veneering materials used. Veneer discs were fabricated using Ormocer restorative (O) and pressable ceramic (C). Specimens were thermocycled and loaded under universal testing machine for SBS. The statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey honest significant difference method.Results:A significant difference was observed between the Groups I and II (P < 0.05). The highest mean bond strength when using ormocer veneer was obtained with the Group Ia (19.11 ± 1.92 Mpa) and lowest by Group IIa (8.1 ± 1.04 Mpa), whereas the highest mean bond strength while using ceramic veneer was of similar range for Group Ib (18.04 ± 4.08 Mpa) and Group IIIb (18.07 ± 1.40 Mpa). SEM analysis revealed OF and TE presented mixed type of failure when compared with SA where failure mode was totally adhesive.Conclusion:OF was found equally efficient like TE. Bond strength of ormocer as a veneer was not inferior to ceramic making it one of the promising additions in the field of dentistry.

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