Phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis led to the isolation of 13 lignans including schisandrene (13), a new lignan based on a dibenzocyclooctadiene backbone with an exocyclic double bond. Its structure and absolute configuration were established using NMR, MS, and CD data. Antioxidant activity of the lignans was evaluated using a DCFH-DA cellular-based assay. The structure-activity relationships of the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans showed that the exocyclic methylene functionality was essential for antioxidant activity, with the benzoyloxy group probably enhancing such effects.

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