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As the decreasing availability of the fossil fuel is rising day by day, the search of alternate fuel that can be used as a substitute to the conventional fuels is rising rapidly. Especially, the exhaust gas emission by using fossil fuel insists on exploring the available sources of biofuel to provide an eco-friendly environment compared to that of fossil fuels. India depends mainly on imported fuels due to lack of fossil fuel reserves and it has a great impact on the economy. Biodiesel is one of the best available resources that has come to the forefront recently. Recent studies and research have made it possible to extract biodiesel at economical costs and quantities. The blend of biodiesel with fossil diesel has many benefits like reduction in emissions, lower engine wear, reduction in engine oil consumption and comparable thermal efficiency with diesel. It is also found that low fuel consumption and increase in thermal efficiency of engines for biodiesel fuels having higher calorific values than diesel. This paper reviews the performance and emission characteristics of various biodiesel fuels used in CI engine as alternate fuel. This study is based on the reports of biodiesel fuel published by different researchers.

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This research work indicates the analysis conducted to investigate the performance, exhaust emission and combustion characteristics of a VCR diesel engine fuelled with nbutanol blends at a rated speed of 1500 rpm with 300 bar injection pressure at compression ratios of 16, 18 and 20. The test fuel was prepared by adding n-butanol 10% (NB10) and 20% (NB20) to diesel by volume. The combustion characteristics investigated were; rise in-cylinder pressures, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release rate and mass fraction of fuel burned at all loads using three compression ratios. The emission and performance study also conducted. The higher heat release rates, increased cylinder pressures were observed for both the blends compared to diesel. Increased brake thermal efficiency observed at higher compression ratio for NB20 blend. It had also been observed that the emissions of CO2, HC and NOx were increased for both the blends, while CO emissions decreased in trend with an increase in compression ratio and blend strength.

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