There are millions of orthopedic surgeries and dental implantation procedures performed every year globally. Most of them involve machining of bones and cartilage. However, theoretical and analytical study on bone machining is lagging behind its practice and implementation. This study views bone machining as a machining process with bovine bone as the workpiece material. Turning process which makes the basis of the actually used drilling process was experimented. The focus is on evaluating the effects of three machining parameters, that is, cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut, to machining responses, that is, cutting forces and surface roughness resulted by the turning process. Response surface methodology was used to quantify the relation between the machining parameters and the machining responses. The turning process was done at various cutting speeds (29-156 m/min), depths of cut (0.03 -0.37 mm), and feeds (0.023-0.11 mm/rev). Empirical models of the resulted cutting force and surface roughness as the functions of cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed were developed. Observation using the developed empirical models found that within the range of machining parameters evaluated, the most influential machining parameter to the cutting force is depth of cut, followed by feed and cutting speed. The lowest cutting force was obtained at the lowest cutting speed, lowest depth of cut, and highest feed setting. For surface roughness, feed is the most significant machining condition, followed by cutting speed, and with depth of cut showed no effect. The finest surface finish was obtained at the lowest cutting speed and feed setting.

Surface roughness indicates the damage of the bone tissue due to bone machining process. Aiming at inducing the least damage, this study evaluates the effect of some cutting conditions to the surface roughness of machined bone. In the turning operation performed, the variables are cutting speed (26 and 45 m/min), feed (0.05 and 0.09 mm/rev), tool type (coated and uncoated), and cutting direction (longitudinal and transversal). It was found that feed did not significantly influence surface roughness. Among the influencing factor, the rank is tool type, cutting speed, and cutting direction.

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Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan menerapkan manajemen sekolah hijau berwawasan lingkungan (eco green school management) melalui penanaman jiwa dan semangat cinta lingkungan serta mengubah perilaku warga sekolah.” Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui beberapa sup program, yaitu: 1) Program peninjauan dan penerapan kurikulum 2) Program penghijauan sekolah, 3) Program pembuatan alat peraga produksi kompos sederhana, 4) Program sosialisasi teknik pengolahan sampah organik menjadi kompos, 5) Program sosialisasi pembuatan sarana tanam vertikultur dan hidroponik, 6) Program sosialisasi pembuatan lubang biopori dan 7) Program edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang teknik tanam vertikultur dan hidroponik. Program dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan peran aktif guru dan siswa, diantaranya melalui penerapan kurikulum berwawasan lingkungan dalam seluruh mata pelajaran secara terintegrasi; sosialisasi program dalam beberapa media; praktik menanam, merawat, dan memanen hasil tanam; pembiasaan membuang dan memilah sampah serta workshop tenik tanam hidroponik, vertical garden dan proses pembuatan kompos sederhana. Secara keseluruhan program dapat terlaksana dengan baik, Namun keberhasilan pelaksanaan program sangat ditentukan oleh kreatifitas guru dan peran aktif siswa dalam pelaksanaan program-program cinta lingkungan. Pengawasan dan pengendalian kegiatan harus berprinsip pada konsistensi dan kedisiplinan dalam menjamin keberlangsungan dan keberhasilan program. Pada akhirnya, evaluasi perlu dilakukan secara berkala, agar dapat merancang program yang menarik pada periode berikutnya.