Backgound Santiago, Chile underwent two separate periods of crisis over the past year. The first period, the ‘social crisis,’ extended over thirteen weeks in late 2019 into early 2020 due to protests over income inequality and the government response to social unrest. The second period, the ‘health crisis,’ began in March 2020 with Chile’s first case of COVID-19 and escalated rapidly to include ‘stay at home orders,’ traffic restrictions, and the shuttering of most businesses. We wished to evaluate the impact of these crisis periods on trauma epidemiology. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the South-East Metropolitan Health Service Trauma Registry. Trauma admissions, operative volume, and in-hospital mortality were evaluated during the crisis period and the year prior. Results The social crisis saw increased levels of trauma, both blunt and penetrating, relative to the time period immediately preceding. The health crisis saw an increase in penetrating trauma with a concomitant decline in blunt trauma. Both crisis periods had decreased levels of trauma, overall, compared to the year prior. There were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital trauma mortality. Conclusion Different crises may have different patterns of trauma. Crisis periods that include extended periods of lockdown and curfew may lead to increasing penetrating trauma volume. Governments and health officials should anticipate the aggregate impact of these measures on public health and develop strategies to actively mitigate them. Level of evidence III
Introducción: El trauma representa un verdadero reto para los sistemas sanitarios por ser un gran problema de salud pública. En Chile se desconoce el manejo del paciente politraumatizado. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del primer registro de trauma (RT) en línea, en los pacientes que se atienden en el Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río durante los primeros dos años de la implementación. Materiales y Método: Se recoge información prospectiva en un registro en red, sobre pacientes víctimas de trauma, ingresados al Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río durante dos años. Estas variables involucran todo el proceso de atención clínica desde el ingreso al alta o fallecimiento. Resultados: En dos años, se registran 3.515 ingresos de pacientes víctima de trauma. Entre estos, el 81,3% son hombres. El 27% sufre trauma penetrante y 59% cerrado. Destacan más lesiones por arma de fuego que por arma blanca. El 18,4% de los pacientes ingresados tiene un el Injury Severity Score (ISS) mayor a 15 puntos. 34 pacientes ingresan en paro cardiorrespiratorio y 7,3 % lo hace hipotenso. Se realizan 1.856 tomografías y el 54,4% requiere cirugía de urgencia. Ingresan 692 traumas torácicos, 654 abdominales, 1.550 de extremidades, 687 lesiones en cráneo y 190 traumas cervicales. Se activa el protocolo de transfusión masiva en el 3,1% de los ingresos. El 8,3% utiliza la unidad de paciente crítico y la mortalidad es de 2,9%, teniendo como primera causa el trauma encéfalocraneano y segunda el shock hemorrágico. Conclusiones: Nuestro hospital tiene una gran incidencia de trauma. La implementación de un RT permite conocer la dimensión y evaluar el proceso asistencial en torno al paciente víctima de trauma. Es necesario dirigir recursos e implementar capacitación en los centros de alto volumen de trauma, además, de continuar con la extensión de la herramienta como estrategia de monitorización multicéntrica.
Introducción: Si bien la anastomosis intracorpórea (AI) ha demostrado ha demostrado beneficios clínicos sobre la anastomosis extracorpórea (AE) en la hemicolectomía derecha laparoscópica (HDL), su aplicación ha sido limitada por su dificultad técnica y curva de aprendizaje mas larga. El presente estudio busca desarrollar y evaluar un modelo simulado para entrenar este procedimiento. Material y método: Se desarrolló un modelo en base a tejido ex vivo, con colon porcino e intestino bovino, montados en un simulador de laparoscopía. Este se modificó sucesivamente en base a entrevistas semi-estructuradas a cirujanos hasta lograr el modelo final. Para evaluar apariencia y reacción al modelo, coloproctólogos, cirujanos y residentes previamente expuestos a entrenamiento simulado, realizaron una ileotransverso anastomosis mecánica en el modelo y luego contestaron una encuesta. Resultados: Doce sujetos participaron. Cuatro coloproctólogos, 4 residentes de coloproctología, 2 residentes de cirugía general, 1 cirujano general y 1 cirujano digestivo. El 91,6% valoró positivamente la ergonomía lograda, mientras que el 83,3% y 75% valoraron positivamente el uso del instrumental y la relación anatómica entre estructuras, respectivamente. Todos los participantes consideraron el modelo útil para entrenar sutura manual laparoscópica, el 91,6% para entrenar enterotomías y 83,3% para entrenar el uso de endograpadora. Todos declararon que el módulo permite entender y reflexionar sobre la técnica propuesta. Conclusión: Este modelo desarrollado sería útil para entrenar habilidades críticas para realizar una AI en HDL. Su incorporación a un programa de entrenamiento en laparoscopía avanzada podría contribuir a acortar la curva de aprendizaje de este procedimiento.
Introduction: The Calgary Family Medicine (FM) Residency Program implemented a competency-based curriculum in 2012 (Triple C). To meet the College of Family Physicians' accreditation standards, the Program also implemented a new assessment program. Field notes (FNs) were introduced to record feedback and to provide data for decisions around Resident competence and progress. Validation of inferences from data collected in field notes is sparse, particularly in relation to how the data can be extrapolated to competence and professional practice. This study investigates the quality and trustworthiness of FNs when their content is used to make decisions about a Resident's competence. Methods: Assessment data from over 3100 FNs, 99 inprogram progress decisions, and scores on the the SOOs and SAMPs components of the College of CFPC Certification Examination in FM were analysed for 16 randomly selected Residents who had successfully completed the Urban FM Residency Program in Calgary under the Triple C Curriculum. Six independent raters (FM community preceptors) were recruited to review copies of the same sets of FNs that were originally used by in-program preceptors to assess Resident progress. 2 independent blinded raters were randomly assigned to each set of FNs. Raters were asked to use FN data to decide on Resident progress, and indicate their level of confidence in their decisions. This was compared with Peer Review under the responsibility of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. the actual in-program progress decision previously made for each Resident. Quality of FNs was assessed using a Formative Feedback Evaluation Tool (FFET), and were scored 1-5. Results: The quality of the FN data was found to be suboptimal (mean 2.27). The consistency of raters' progress decisions was high (89%). Correlation analyses indicated a significant weak positive relationship between quality of FNs and raters' confidence, r(196) = .201, p = .005; a significant moderate positive linear relationship between number of FNs and raters' confidence, r(196) = .30, p < .001; and a significant moderate positive linear relationship between total number of FNs received by a resident and the residents z-scores in the SAMPS component of the CFPC exam, r(14) = .55, p = .026 Conclusion: The results provide evidence supporting the validity of assessment decisions based on Field Note data. The quality and number as well as the quality of the FNs appears important in supporting the trustworthiness of summative progress decisions.
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