This research project aims to identify differences in students' engagement in school life, in terms of both socio-personal characteristics (sex and educational stage) and type of school (state, private with some state funding and cooperative). Participants were 1229 students aged between 9 and 17 (598 from a worker cooperative and 631 from state and private stated-funded schools of the Basque Country and Catalonia). Three components were distinguished in engagement (emotional, behavioural and cognitive) as measured by a Spanish version of the Leadership, Organisational Learning and Student Outcomes (LOLSO) questionnaire by Mulford, Silins and Leithwood (2004). These data are related to the responses given to the Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM) questionnaire by Goodenow (1993), which examines factors affecting school engagement, with specific focus on students' sense of belonging. The results indicate that girls' engagement is higher than that of boys; that it decreases as students move up the school; and is higher in the worker cooperative than in the state or private stated-funded schools. Engagement was also found to be related to teachers' work and the relationship between teachers and students.Keywords: Student engagement, type of school, worker cooperative school, psychological sense of belonging. ResumenEsta investigación tiene por objeto identificar diferencias en la implicación del alumnado en su centro escolar tanto en función de características sociopersonales (sexo y ciclo educativo) como de la titularidad del centro (público, concertado, cooperativa). Participan en la misma 1229 estudiantes de entre 9 y 17 años (613 de un colegio cuyo profesorado conforma una cooperativa y 656 de centros públicos y concertados del País Vasco y Cataluña). Se diferencian tres componentes en la implicación (el emocional, el conductual y el cognitivo) medidos mediante una versión castellana del cuestionario Leadership, Organizational Learning and Student's Outcomes (LOLSO), de Mulford, Sillins y Leithwood (2004); se relacionan estos datos con las respuestas al cuestionario Psychological Sense of School Membership (PSSM), de Goodenow (1993), que analiza factores que afectan a la implicación escolar y específicamente al sentimiento de pertenencia. Los resultados indican que la implicación de las alumnas es mayor que la de los alumnos; que disminuye según avanza el curso escolar; y que en el colegio-cooperativa es superior a la de centros de titularidad pública y concertada. La implicación, por otro lado, guarda relación con el trabajo de los docentes y con las relaciones entre estudiantes y profesores.Palabras clave: Implicación del estudiante, titularidad de centro, cooperativa de enseñanza de trabajo asociado, sentimiento psicológico de pertenencia escolar.
This study aims to analyse artistic understanding in primary and secondary education and the relationship between this understanding and motivational characteristics such as goal orientation, engagement in art activities and attitude to art education at school, which determine (according to prior research) learners' academic achievement, in this case the achievement of a group of young students aged between 10 and 17. A positive relationship was hypothesised between artistic understanding and achievement goals, engagement in art activities and attitudes towards art education, respectively. The results obtained partially support this hypothesis, since a statistically significant relationship was observed between artistic understanding and achievement goals, and the significant relationships hypothesised between artistic understanding and both engagement in art activities and attitudes to art education are largely supported by the findings of this study.
Esta investigación tiene por objeto a las mujeres vascas creadoras de bertsos, coplas y otras formas rimadas concebidas para ser cantadas. El objetivo no es el análisis literario de sus composiciones, sino la reivindicación de su autoría, tomando como base fuentes bibliográficas y archivísticas. De la obra conservada atribuible a las mujeres, raramente se conoce a su autora, aunque poco a poco se van conociendo algunos nombres. Los testimonios más antiguos pertenecen al siglo xv y, con el declive del mundo tradicional, desde fines del siglo xix, las mujeres que improvisaban cantando desaparecieron de la esfera pública. Reaparecieron con fuerza en las plazas de Vasconia como bertsolaris, al lado de los hombres, en el último cuarto del siglo xx.
ResumenEl presente trabajo estudia la comprensión artística de un grupo de 606 estudiantes de Educación Primaria y de Educación Secundaria en relación a su competencia artística autopercibida y en relación al logro artístico en Educación Artística. Se establecen dos objetivos, primero identificar las áreas definidas por la investigación previa para la comprensión artística (social, histórica, estética, pedagógica y biográfica) así como identificar los cuatro niveles consecutivos de complejidad para cada área (ingenuo, principiante, aprendiz y maestro). El segundo objetivo es analizar la comprensión artística y el rendimiento artístico en el aula de arte. Se formulan dos hipótesis que asumen relación positiva y significativa de la comprensión artística con, primero, la edad y el sexo de los sujetos y, segundo, con la autopercibida competencia artística y con el logro artístico en educación artística. Dichas hipótesis resultan precisadas por los resultados pues la comprensión artística sí es mejor entre las chicas y aumenta con la edad hasta los 15 años, aunque a partir de esa edad las diferencias entre grupos de edad resultan no significativas. La autopercibida competencia artística en el aula disminuye con la comprensión artística y el logro artístico aumenta conforme aumenta dicha comprensión artística. Palabras clave: educación artística, comprensión, competencia artística, logro artístico.Lekue-Rodríguez, P. (2014): Comprensión, competencia y logro en la educación artística escolar. Arte, Individuo y Sociedad, 26(3) 401-418 AbstractThis paper studies the artistic understanding of a group of 606 Primary and Secondary school students in relation to their self-perceived artistic competence and in relation to their academic achievement in Art Education. Two aims were established: first, to identify the areas which previous research defines for the artistic understanding (social, historical, aesthetic, pedagogic and biographical understanding) and the four consecutive levels of complexity for every area (naive, novice, apprentice and master). The second aim is to analyze artistic understanding and academic achievement in art education class. The two initial hypotheses established assume a significant positive relationship between artistic understanding and, firstly, the subjects' age and gender, and secondly, their self-perceived artistic competence and their academic achievement in art education. These hypotheses were further clarified by the results. The artistic understanding is better among the girls and it increases with the age until the students are 15 years old. Then the differences between this age group and the other age groups become non-significant. Self-perceived artistic competence in the classroom declines according to the artistic understanding while the artistic achievement rises according to the artistic understanding.
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