RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar o efeito das variáveis meteorológicas e das dietas com diferentes níveis de feno de ervasal (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) e palma forrageira (Opuntia fícus indica Mill) sobre as respostas horárias dos parâmetros fisiológicos e comportamento ingestivo dos novilhos da raça Sindi. Foram utilizados oito animais da raça Sindi, distribuídos em quadrado latino duplo com quatro tratamentos: 15, 30, 45 e 60% de inclusão de feno de erva-sal, em quatro períodos. As variáveis meteorológicas ao longo do dia exerceram forte influência sobre todas as respostas fisiológicas dos animais. Entretanto, a distribuição das atividades do comportamento ingestivo (alimentação, ruminação e ócio), ao longo das 24 horas, foi ritmada pelos horários de distribuição do alimento, mostrando-se pouco influenciada pelas variáveis meteorológicas. O consumo das dietas experimentais, contendo os menores percentuais de feno de erva-sal pelos novilhos da raça Sindi, proporcionaram aumento na frequência respiratória dos animais, sem, no entanto, alterar a temperatura retal. Palavras-chave:Bem-estar, bioclimatologia, palma forrageira, semiárido, temperatura.Ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of Sindhi cattle fed increasing levels of saltbush hay ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the meteorological variables and the diets with different saltbush hay (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) and forage (Opuntia fícus indica Mill) levels on the hourly responses of the physiological parameters and ingestive behavior of Sindi steers. Eight Sindhi breed animals were allotted to a double Latin square with four treatments: 15, 30, 45 and 60% inclusion of saltbush hay, in four periods. The meteorological variables throughout the day strongly influenced all physiological responses of the cattle. However, the distribution of the activities of ingestive behavior (eating, ruminating and idling), over 24 hours, was punctuated by the food distribution periods, proving to be little influenced by the meteorological variables. The consumption of the experimental diets containing the lowest percentage of saltbush hay by the Sindhi steers increased the respiratory rate of the animals, however, without changing the rectal temperature.
Physiological responses and performance of sheep on pasture supplemented with different protein sourcesThis study was carried out to evaluate the influence of climatic factors on performance and physiological responses of sheep fed on different protein supplements in grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) irrigated in conditions of Brazilian semiarid climate. A total of 28 male Santa Ines x SPRD (undefined breed), castrated lambs, with initial weight of 28 kg, received three different sources of protein in the supplement (soybean meal, cotton cake and urea) and a control treatment, only on grass. The parameters evaluated were: dry matter intake, average daily gain, physiological parameters [respiratory rate (FR), surface temperature (TS) and rectal temperature (TR)] and environmental parameters. Under the climatic conditions imposed by the experiment, the period of the afternoon led the animals to a condition of high heat stress, regardless of the diet. Supplementation affected roughage intake without changing sheep performance, making it economically unfeasible. Protein source derived from cotton cake and used in the supplement for the lambs in grazing increased FR, influencing their thermal comfort.Key words: Cynodon spp., semiarid, stress, irrigated pasture, supplementation. Respostas fisiológicas e desempenho produtivo de ovinos em pasto suplementados com diferentes fontes proteicas 1Objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos fatores climáticos sobre o desempenho produtivo e as respostas fisiológicas de ovinos submetidos a diferentes suplementos proteicos em pastagem de capim-Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) irrigado nas condições climáticas do semiárido brasileiro. Utilizaram-se 28 ovinos, machos, castrados, mestiços Santa Inês x SPRD (sem padrão racial definido), com peso inicial de 28 kg, recebendo três diferentes fontes de proteína no suplemento (farelo de soja, torta de algodão e ureia) e um tratamento testemunha (pastagem exclusiva). Foram determinados o consumo de matéria seca, ganho em peso, os parâmetros fisiológicos -frequência respiratória (FR), temperaturas superficial (TS) e retal (TR) -dos animais e os parâmetros ambientais. Nas condições climáticas impostas pelo experimento, o turno da tarde conduziu os animais, independentemente da dieta, a uma condição de elevado estresse pelo calor. A suplementação influenciou o consumo de matéria seca de forragem sem alterar o desempenho dos ovinos, sendo economicamente inviável. A fonte proteica obtida a partir da torta de algodão e utilizada no suplemento para ovinos em pastejo elevou a FR, influenciando sobre seu conforto térmico. Palavras-chave:Cynodon spp., semiárido, estresse, pastagem irrigada, suplementação.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros sanguíneos, hepáticos e ruminais, bem como caracterizar e quantificar a população de protozoários ciliados, no rúmen de ovinos alimentados com dietas com farelo de mamona destoxificada (FM). Foram utilizados 32 ovinos, para a avaliação dos parâmetros sanguíneos e hepáticos, e quatro ovinos adultos fistulados no rúmen, para a avaliação dos parâmetros ruminais. A dieta controle foi composta por feno de capim-buffel, milho em grão moído, ureia e farelo de soja (FS Blood, liver and rumen parameters of sheep fed diets containing detoxified castor bean mealAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the blood, liver and rumen parameters, as well as to characterize and quantify the population of ciliated protozoa in the rumen of sheep fed diets with detoxified castor bean meal (DCBM). Thirty-two lambs were used, for the evaluation of blood and liver parameters, and four rumen-cannulated adult sheep were used to determine rumen parameters. The control diet was composed by buffel grass hay, ground corn grain, urea and soybean meal (SBM). In the treatments, SBM was partially replaced by DCBM at 15, 30 and 45% in the concentrate. There was no significant difference, among treatments, for the serum-urea contents whose mean value was 666.0 mg L -1. There was no significant difference, among diets, for glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, which had mean values of 690.3 mg L , respectively. The ammoniacal nitrogen and pH values had an increasing linear pattern with the replacement of SBM by DCBM. The genus Entodinium was the most frequent in all treatments and showed 76.4% overall mean of the total protozoa; the treatment without DCBM had the highest percentage of this genus among treatments. The diet substitution above 45% of soybean meal by the detoxified castor bean meal is favorable to the rumen environment.Index terms: Ricinus communis, ciliates, metabolism, microbiota, rumen. IntroduçãoA mamona (Ricinus communis L.), por apresentar características como adaptabilidade a solos mais arenosos e resistência à seca, é indicada como matéria prima para o biocombustível na região Nordeste do Brasil (Severino, 2005). E a indústria desse produto é responsável por grandes quantidades de resíduos, que causam problemas ambientais e, além disso, representam encargos com estocagem. Assim, há necessidade de um destino adequado e sustentável para tais materiais, para transformá-los em coprodutos, cuja utilização é uma alternativa importante para a nutrição animal. Entretanto, a presença de princípios tóxicos e alergênicos pode dificultar esse uso (Oliveira et al., 2010).
The objective of the present study was to establish the bioclimatic zoning by the temperature and humidity index (THI), considering a historical period and a future scenario, in order to represent the thermal environment for broiler breeding in the State of Minas Gerais. A historical series (1976 - 2014) of THI minimum, average and maximum calculated based on data from 48 conventional meteorological stations was used, belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology of the State of Minas Gerais. The analysis of the temporal series was based on the Mann-Kendall test and linear regression. A geostatistical analysis was also carried out to determine the comfort zoning of broilers as a function of the THI intervals. In this way, the THI spatial mapping methodologies and trend analysis for the prediction of a possible future climate scenario can help in the development of risk maps for monitoring thermal comfort of broilers, being indispensable in the planning of actions for the mitigation of the climatic change impacts on the productive chain of the State of Minas Gerais.
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