Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology has proved to be very helpful in guiding nursing researchers' qualitative analysis of interview transcripts. Modifying Ricoeur's philosophy, a number of nursing researchers have developed their own interpretive methods and shared them, along with their experience, with research community. Major contributors who published papers directly presenting their modifications of Ricoeur's theory include Rene Geanellos (2000), Lena Wiklund, Lisbet Lindholm and Unni Å. Lindström (2002), Anders Lindseth and Astrid Norberg (2004) and Pia Sander Dreyer and Birthe D Pedersen (2009). The aim of this article was to delineate differences among these methods. Descriptive presentation of each method side by side makes clear the differences among them. In addition, Ricoeur's hermeneutic theory is portrayed and compared with the modifications. It is believed that differences that are found can stimulate further thoughts on how to apply Ricoeur's theory in qualitative research in nursing.

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Healthcare is evident in the extensive use of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI). Although one aim of technological development and application is to promote health equity, it can at the same time increase health disparities. An ethical framework is needed to analyze issues arising in the effort to promote health equity through digital technology and AI. Based on an analysis of ethical principles for the promotion of health equity, this research article aims to synthesize an ethical framework for analyzing issues related to the promotion of health equity through digital technology and AI. Results of the study showed a synthesized framework that comprises two main groups of ethical principles: general principles and principles of management. The latter is meant to serve the implementation of the former. The general principles comprise four core principles: Human Dignity, Justice, Non-maleficence, and Beneficence, covering major principles and minor principles. For example, the core principle of Human Dignity includes three major principles (Non-humanization, Privacy, and Autonomy), and two minor principles (Explicability and Transparency). Other core principles have their relevant major and minor principles. The principles of management can be categorized according to their goals to serve different core principles. An illustration of applying the ethical framework is offered through the analysis and categorization of issues solicited from experts in multidisciplinary workshops on digital technology, AI, and health equity.

Through the framework of Ricoeur's philosophy, Fredriksson and Eriksson develop an influential ethics of the caring conversation, which instructs nurses to have caritas, self-esteem, and autonomy on one hand and to engage respectfully and responsibly in caring conversations on the other. This article brings the ethics of the caring conversation into dialogue with Ricoeur's philosophy again. While Fredriksson and Eriksson draw upon Ricoeur's little ethics, this article relies on Ricoeur's dialectic of love and justice. The dialogue throws light on other aspects of caritas, which is vital in Fredriksson and Eriksson's ethics. It shows a need for nurses to strike a balance between love and justice and, also, to cultivate love.

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