Set cover, Greedy heuristic, Traffic checks, Traffic assignment, Shortest paths,

Abstract

Global value chains (GVCs) are important transmitters of product price shocks, which, in the end, will be expressed in national inflation rates. This paper deals with this phenomenon by presenting and applying an input-output model of global cost-push price transmissions using the 2021 edition of OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) tables. Output prices are linked to several inflation rates by the concept of inflation-to-output price elasticity. Inflation elastici-ties are decomposed into local, simple, and complex global value chain effects and collected into the Global Inflation-to-Output Price Elasticity Database (GIOPED) published along with the paper. A step-by-step guide shows how to import data and perform quick interactive form impact analyses in Microsoft Excel. The presented GIOPED exercises reveal that local value chains are still dominant in determining inflation, although there are significant differences bet-ween countries. For Hungary, selected for an illustrative country study, inflation elasticities are higher with smaller domestic components, and exposures to current global shocks are consi-derable. Movements of energy commodity prices explain about a third of autumn 2022 Hunga-rian inflation rates.

No abstract

Abstract. Behind the link selection problem there is a practical problem that aims to check efficiently the vehicles on a road network. The checking process is to be realized with license plate reading cameras for checking the valid vignette of vehicles using that part of the network. However this problem should be defined generally and the methods of obtaining a solution can be applied to a wider range of problems independent of the original problem. This paper defines the link selection problem with directed graph, it shows the NP-hard complexity and it gives a heuristic and binary integer programming models to solve the problem. These two kinds of approaches allow us to examine and qualify the heuristic. The computational results of the methods are compared with different sizes of problems.