Background The issue of reluctance towards vaccination is becoming more worrisome. Health care workers (HCWs) are the primary point of contact with individuals who make decisions about vaccination. Therefore, it is crucial that HCWs receive sufficient training and periodic updates. The main objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the HCWs’ training needs in vaccination and vaccine uptake. Methods In February 2022, a search was conducted on MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The search included papers written in English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French and Romanian, with a publication date ranging from 1 January 2011 to 24 February 2022 and conducted in Europe. To assess the methodological quality of the papers, the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies was utilized. Results The search of scientific literature yielded 640 outcomes on PubMed, 556 on Scopus and 15 on Google Scholar, for a total of 1211 records. After eliminating duplicates, screening titles and abstracts and evaluating the full text of the articles, only 25 of them were found suitable for inclusion. The studies’ overall quality ranged from moderate to good. The majority of the research emphasized the need for improved knowledge of vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccine efficacy, immunization schedules and vaccine adverse effects. Conclusions It is vital to prioritize educational programmes on vaccinology and vaccine hesitancy for HCWs, with the objective of improving their knowledge, awareness and attitudes. Addressing the diversity of educational backgrounds, roles and training requirements of HCWs involved in vaccination across Europe is a critical issue that must be tackled for future initiatives.

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Background Urban health has become an increasingly important aspect of Public Health curriculum for residents as people living in urban areas will substantially rise in the next 30 years so will their impact on health. Residents are both contributors and partners in creating sustainable solutions for their growing cities and can be involved in this aim as individual learners and also educators for younger students. Objectives A group of 15 Italian residents in Public Health were involved in creating and delivering 4 lessons on urban health to 319 students at Nomentano High School in Rome during spring 2022. After the 4th lesson, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the residents in order to assess perceptions, acceptance, barriers and facilitators of the experience. Data was gathered anonymously and analyzed using standard qualitative methods. Results All the residents answered the interview. Almost all reported the experience as highly impactful for training, team building, and increase in accountability. Most of residents also felt more confident on the topic of urban health and more involved in concrete actions for tackling pollution and climate change after delivering the lessons. Most perceived barriers mentioned were difficulties interacting with students, especially during the first two lessons, and their compliance. The opportunity to give lessons in the high school setting facilitated direct contact with students and better feedback was received. Conclusions Giving responsibility and leadership roles to Public Health residents and involving them in the education of younger students could improve their self-confidence and feelings of value and helpfulness, especially for urban health and climate change issues sensed by youth. Further experiences in other settings, specialties, and countries could be valuable to notice differences related to age groups and personal involvement. Key messages • The involvement of Public Health residents in education on urban health is highly impactful and well perceived for their personal growth. • This kind of experience is applicable to other relevant topics in Public Health.

Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of interaction with those that are taking decisions around vaccination. They need adequate training. The general aim of this systematic review is to assess HCWs’ training needs on vaccinology and vaccine acceptance. This work was performed for the European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) under the specific contract No 1ECD.12108 ID.12922 implementing the framework contract number ECDC/2021/005. Methods The search was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases in February 2022. The following inclusion criteria were used: date (from 01/01/2011 to 24/02/2022); language (English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French and Romanian); geographic location of the study (Europe). Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS checklist) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included papers. Results The scientific literature search retrieved 640 results on PubMed, 556 on Scopus and 15 on Google Scholar. In total, 1211 records were identified. After the duplicate removal and the title/abstract assessment, 132 publications were assessed for eligibility. Finally, after the full-text assessment, only 25 articles were included. As regards for the quality assessment, all studies were judged of moderate-good quality. The majority of studies stressed the need to deepen general knowledge of vaccine preventable diseases, vaccine efficacy, vaccination schedule and adverse effects of vaccines. Conclusions Considering their role in the community, especially as source of information and trust for vaccine acceptance, educational initiatives in vaccinology and vaccine hesitancy should be prioritized for HCWs, aimed at increasing their knowledge, awareness, and attitudes. An important heterogeneity of educational backgrounds, activities performed and training needs of the HCWs involved in vaccination at European level was one of the main critical issue to be addressed for future actions. Key messages

Biliary leakage is a challenging complication when managing the bile duct strictures. The etiology of benign strictures of the biliary tree may have different etiologies but iatrogenic is the most common, with relevant increase after introduction of laparoscopic procedures.Interventional radiologist plays a key role, both in diagnosis and treatment of biliary strictures and leakage.We report on a case of a 39-year-old woman affected by abdominal pain and jaundice after laparoscopic cholecystectomy; jaundice was caused by surgical clipping of the common bile duct. The combined management by surgeon and interventional radiologist, consisting of removal of surgical clip and percutaneous management of biliary leakage, successfully resolved the leakage with clinical success.