With the present climate change and increasing world population, there is an urgent need to discover creative, efficient, and cost-effective natural products for the benefit of humanity. Biosurfactants are produced by various microorganisms that have several distinct properties compared to other synthetic surfactants, including mild production conditions, multifunctionality, higher biodegradability, and lower toxicity of living cells synthesis of active compounds. Due to their surface tension reducing, emulsion stabilizing, and biodegrading properties of these in place of chemical surfactants, they are generating huge demand in terms of research and usage. Biosurfactants are widely used in the food industry as food-formulation ingredients and antiadhesive agents as emulsifiers, de-emulsifiers, spreading agents, foaming agents, and detergents that find application in various fields such as agriculture, industrial sectors, and environmental recreation. Recent research focused more on heavy metal bioremediation from compost was achieved using biosurfactants-producing bacteria, which resulted in an improvement in compost quality. Although a number of studies on biosurfactants synthesis have been reported, very limited information on its cinematics and the consumption of renewable substrates are available. In this review paper, we made an attempt to critically review biosurfactants, their usage, research related to them, and challenges faced.

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Biologically synthesized metal-nanoparticles, has a significant role in the application of modern nanobiotechnology due to its potential ability to synthesis nanoparticle at different size, shape, morphology and texture. In this study, we investigated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Bacillus subtilis extracellular, with the help of a bioreduction metal ion into the actively grown culture, in aseptic conditions. Characterized features of synthesized silver bionanoparticles (Ag-BNPs) analyzed by using UV-spectrophotometer, TLC, AFM, and FTIR. The characterization studied of this bacterium reacted on the Ag + ion indicated that the biomolecules might be the responsible for the stabilization of silver nanoparticles. In fact, silver nanoparticle (Ag-NPs) declared as the most effective antibacterial activity when compare to other metal nanoparticles. Antibacterial activities of synthesized silver bionanoparticles against various pathogens were performed by standard Nathan's Agar Well Diffusion (NAWD) technique. These studies suggest that the silver bionanoparticles (Ag-BNPs) can be synthesized from the Bacillus subtilis efficiently and its confirmation, stability over metals, and its characteristic features. This report also reveals that the anti-bacterial activity of nanoparticles against certain pathogens and can be used for the antimicrobial studies and may applied in the field of nanomedicine.