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Automotive industry is continuously focusing on developing weight efficient engines for better fuel economy without altering engine performance. To achieve a trade-off between performance and fuel economy, the design always demands downsizing of engine components with optimum geometry. Crankshaft is such an important component in deciding engine performance and overall weight. Torsional and bending stiffness of crankshaft plays a vital role in its structural integrity, particularly the Critical Cross Section (CCS) which connects main journal and crankpin. In the present study, the objective is to upgrade the crankshaft for higher torsional and bending stiffness and reduce weight without changing its performance. Three geometric shape factors of the crankshaft are identified and optimized in FEA and analyzed in AVL Excite® (1-D) simulation for its structural performance. Study shows the identification of shape factors and effect of their variation on torsional and bending stiffness of crankshaft. In addition, sensitivity analysis for various shape factors and their optimization has been done. The identified shape factors help designers to identify any scope to optimize the geometry of crankshaft and understand its role in structural strength. Using this methodology, specific regions defined by shape factors can be optimized for better strength and weight.

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Linguistic identity is the common bond that people share when they can understand each other in their native tongues, even if they share no other common heritage. Linguistic identity gets trickier when you’re talking about two people who may share linguistic bonds but come from mutually hostile ethnic groups. With racial and ethnic identity, linguistic identity does not exist in isolation; it is frequently yet one more facet of how a person identifies. There’s what we might call “reverse linguistic identity.” As Boas demonstrated over a century ago, everyone has at least three independent identities: race (in the traditional, not the anthropological sense), culture, and language. Language (or linguistic) identity   take to mean the speech community with which someone is identified. This is probably always a historical phenomenon, either of birth or of personal choice. Most subjects to personal choice are culture and language, for instance, a given person identifies with, or belongs to a particular culture, and speaks a particular language. These identities may be due to birth or socialization, or they may be the result of a deliberate choice NOT to identify with the language and culture of birth. Linguistic identities are double-edged swords because, while functioning in a positive and productive way to give people a sense of belonging, they do so by defining an “us” in opposition to a “them” that becomes all too easy to demonize. All identity markers of a social group together constitute the “culture” or cultural identity of the social group. Therefore, the loss of one marker does not automatically entails the loss of cultural identity. Given the rich multilingual tradition of India where languages act as facilitators rather than as barriers in communication, one hopes that as linguistic identity. This paper is a case study of the author’s inferences regarding the Western Hindi dialects analysis.