This chapter investigates the uptake of innovation induced by downstream actors by sunflowers SMEs in Tanzania with the use of an interview-based qualitative study of data collected in Dodoma, Tanzania. This study reveals that SMEs pay less attention to organizational innovation. However, they are much more focused on production innovation in the interest of servicing markets. Furthermore, the study reveals that a major factor that influences the uptake of innovation from downstream are not final consumers, but rather government agencies. For instance, most SMEs involved in the study search for funds to buy small oil refinery machines after government bans of the selling of raw oil. This suggests that processors still think consumers will absorb everything because there is lack of supply and demand is high.

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There is a general consensus among scholars that the HR practices by corporate companies cannot be imitated by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Even though it is a neglected sector, SMEs in Tanzania are considered to be a major contributor to the national economy in terms of tax payment and job creation. Using a case study, this chapter investigates human resource practices in the recruitment process among the SMEs in a car maintenance sub sector. The nature of doing business is more informal, whereby a customer can bring a car to the garage and the technicians work on the car without bargaining for the cost of the work. Accordingly, there have usually been complaints from customers regarding over charging for the services offered and lack of trust among technicians, especially on matters relating to falsification on spare parts. In addressing this problem, garage owners have to make sure that they employ people with good character; those who cannot temper with customers’ property tarnish the image and reputation of the company.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relevance of entrepreneurial education and students’ entrepreneurial intentions at the Open University of Tanzania (OUT). Despite the fact that entrepreneurship education has been given much attention recently, the question remains as to how it has been of help to students at OUT towards self-employment and business venture creation. The study employed theory of planned behavior by Ajzen and theory of entrepreneurial intent by Shapero and Sokol. A mixed method approach was employed using linear regression and thematic analysis. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to undergraduate students during face-to-face sessions and during preparation for annual exams in their regional centers. The qualitative data were collected using focus group discussions. Findings revealed a positive relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions. The implication is that entrepreneurship education at OUT confirms the need to incorporate entrepreneurship course to all programmes offered at the university and as a suggestion to entire education system in the country.