COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World HealthOrganization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. 1 The disease, which is caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious infectious condition that can produce acute respiratory syndrome. 2 Although symptomatic COVID-19 patients are the primary source of transmission, recent evidence suggests that asymptomatic patients and those in the incubation period may also transmit SARS-CoV-2. 3,4
Women submitted to ART treatments represent a select subgroup of individuals.
Several studies have described the relationship between TAI and pregnancy
outcomes as a result of ART, with contradictory results. The purpose of this
systematic review was to determine the association between TAI and the risk of
miscarriage in pregnancies resulting from ART. MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS and
Embase were searched for studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 1999
to 2017. The studies were summarized using the fixed effects model and the
Peto's method to calculate RR in order to flesh out the association between TAI
and spontaneous abortion. Only four papers were included in this systematic
review and meta-analysis. Thirty-one miscarriages were observed in 210 clinical
pregnancies of women with antithyroid antibodies; and 158 miscarriages were seen
in 1,371 pregnancies without antithyroid antibodies. The meta-analysis failed to
find an association between TAI and higher risk of reproductive loss, RR=0.94
95% confidence interval: 0.71-1.24; p=0.879. In conclusion, the
presence of antithyroid antibodies was not associated with increased
reproductive loss in patients submitted to ART treatments. It is our opinion
that the presence of antithyroid antibodies should be considered as a secondary
biomarker of autoimmune disease, rather than an actual cause of miscarriage in
patients undergoing ART. Due to the small amount of evidence on the matter, the
determination of TAI before the initiation of ART should be limited to research
contexts.
ObjectivePreeclampsia (PE) occurs in 4.6% of pregnancies worldwide. The social
phenomenon of increasing maternal age has raised the demand for donor
oocytes. Egg donation has allowed women with poor ovarian reserve, premature
ovarian failure, genetic disorders or surgical menopause to get pregnant.
Recipients provide a unique model of immune response because of the
differences in the genetic makeup of mothers and fetuses. In PE, immune
tolerance may be impaired as a result of having non-autologous eggs
implanted. Egg donation is a highly successful assisted reproductive
technology, despite the significant number of issues arising from the
implantation of non-autologous eggs. This study aimed to determine whether
there is an association between egg donation and preeclampsia.MethodsA systematic review of the literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar
was carried out from January of 1995 to August of 2016 using the terms
'oocyte donation, preeclampsia', 'oocyte donation, in vitro
fertilization, preeclampsia', 'oocyte donation, preeclampsia, outcomes
pregnancies', 'oocyte donation, obstetric outcome.' Only six retrospective
cohort studies met the selection criteria.ResultThe meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant association between
egg donation and onset of preeclampsia (OR 4.50; 95% CI: 3.28-6.19;
p<0.0001).ConclusionOocyte donation is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia in
singleton pregnancies. Therefore, it is crucial to properly record and
assess this finding when egg donation is the chosen assisted reproductive
technology to attain pregnancy.
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors and a high cumulative score of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) in a Chilean adult group. A cross-sectional study was performed with the Ethics Committee's approval from the Universidad de los Andes. A consecutive adult (18 to 46 years old) sampling (n = 553) from the Health Center in San Bernardo-Chile, was selected from September 2016 to January 2017. Dental exams were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners, according to the BEWE index. In order to search for potentially related factors, a hetero-applied questionnaire previously developed and evaluated was applied. Our interest was individuals with severe erosion tooth wear (BEWE ≥ 14). Logistic regression models reporting crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR by age, 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and p-values were estimated. Variables, odds ratios and 95% CI related with BEWE ≥ 14 were: age (OR 1.1 [1.07-1.14]); currently drinking alcohol (OR 1.59 [1.06-2.39]); esophagitis ); difficulty to swallow ); chest pain ); anorexia ); vitamin C intake ). Age, alcohol consumption, self-reported esophagitis, history of gastric symptoms, anorexia, and vitamin C intake were related as risk factors to high BEWE scores in this sample of Chilean adults in San Bernardo, Chile.
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