ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of rubber clones GT1, PR255, RRIM600 grown on different substrates and environments for the production of rubber rootstocks. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia University Unit, in Cassilândia-MS. The treatments were conducted in 3 environments: (A1): Sombrite ® ; (A2) Aluminet ® and (A3) full sun, where the clones being tested were: GT1; PR 255 and RRIM 600, grown in substrates: pure soil; soil + cattle manure and commercial substrate usually used for forestry. The experimental design was a randomized block in a factorial 3 x 3 (three substrates x three clones), with 4 replicates with 10 seedlings of rubber trees per plot. The use of commercial substrate and soil + cattle manure in the ratio (7:1) favored the development of rubber rootstock seedlings with taller plants, more leave number, higher mass and higher quality index. For the formation of rootstocks, the variety RRIM600 was the one that showed better agronomic characteristics in the formation of rubber tree seedlings, with higher number of leaves, tallest plants, larger mass and higher quality index. The use of Sombrite ® and Aluminet ® screens contributed positively to the formation of rootstocks with larger root and above-ground masses. The plants produced in the Aluminet ® screen showed higher number of leaves.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interactions between Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) and the eggs and first-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner 1805) infected by entomopathogenic fungi. The H. armigera eggs and larvae were treated with sterile distilled water + 0.01% Tween 80 (T1, control), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill (T2), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok (T3), or Metarhizium rileyi (Farlow) Samson. (T4) at different concentrations (1 × 107, 1 × 108, and 1 × 109 con. mL−1). For each treatment, a single third-instar C. externa was offered prey (a combination of 80 eggs and 50 first-instar H. armigera larvae) at 0, 24, and 48 h after inoculation. Ten trials were completed for each treatment, and the entire experiment was repeated three times. Neither the concentrations of fungi nor the application method affected consumption by C. externa. Because all the predator larvae reached the pupal phase, with 100% viability in adults, these results suggest that entomopathogenic fungi and C. externa are compatible and that the simultaneous use of these biological control agents is possible for managing H. armigera.

Resumo. Os agroecossistemas contem vários agentes de controle biológico atuando simultaneamente sobre diferentes ou o mesmo inseto alvo. A cultura do algodoeiro apresenta um rico complexo de inimigos naturais associados às pragas, dentre eles, destaca-se o predador Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) Compatibility Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) with Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)Abstract. The ecoagrossistemas several biological control agents acting simultane ously on different or the same target insect. The culture of cotton presents a rich complex of natural enemies associated with pests, among which stands out the predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of the fungus M. anisopliae on the biological aspects of the predator C. externa. The first study evaluated the development of C. externa when treated with the following suspensions of M. anisopliae: T1 water (control); T2-10 5 conídios.mL -1 de M. anisopliae (M.a.); T3-10 6 conídios.mL -1 de M.a.; T4-10 7 conídios.mL -1 de M.a.;T5-10 8 conídios.mL -1 de M.a.. The second assay measured the duration of the larval and pupal predator and larval mortality in each treatment. For this, C. externa eggs were individualized in Petri dishes and kept under laboratory conditions. When the larvae of C. externa hatched, whitefly nymphs were offered on leaf discs coming from cotton treated with: T1-water (control); T2 -10 5 conídios.

This study aimed to evaluate the conidial production of Metarhizium rileyi in rice with different water volumes. The bioassay was composed by completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments (20, 30, 40 and 50 mL of distilled water), being added 100 g of rice thin and long, making a total of 10 plastic bags per treatment, which were autoclaved for 15 minutes at 1.0 atm pressure, to 120 ºC. After the cooling of the rice, were added in each plastic bag, 2.0 mL of suspension containing 1 × 108 conidia mL-1. Then the bags were incubated for ten days in a germination chamber (BOD type) at 25 °C (±1 °C), 80% (±10%) relative humidity and 12h photoperiod to promote conidial germination and growth of the fungus, being performed a mild agitation every two days. The use of higher water volume resulted in greater conidial production and greater number of viable conidia. However, the highest rate of conidia germination was obtained with the use of 30 mL of water, is this the volume of water that corresponds to the best results.

Objetivou-se avaliar a compatibilidade dos inseticidas químicos (Orthene® 750 BR, Mospilan®, Imidacloprid® NORTOX e Evidence® 700 WG), sobre o desenvolvimento de Metarhizium rileyi. Os experimentos foram realizados “in vitro”, avaliando os efeitos sobre o crescimento vegetativo, produção de conídios (esporulação) e germinação do fungo M. rileyi (isolado UFMS 03) na presença de diferentes inseticidas. Após a obtenção dos dados de diâmetro de colônias, produção de conídios e germinação foram calculados o fator de compatibilidade. Os inseticidas Mospilan®, Imidacloprid® NORTOX e Evidence® 700 WG proporcionaram crescimento vegetativo semelhante a testemunha, considerados compatíveis com M. rileyi enquanto que Orthene® 750 BR foi considerado moderadamente tóxico. Os inseticidas Imidacloprid® NORTOX e Evidence® 700 WG não interferiram na produção de conídios proporcionando valores semelhantes a testemunha. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a germinação dos conídios de M. rileyi.