The effect of natural antibiotics Moringa oleifera seeds powder in cellulose acetate membranes as biofouling reducer agent was investigated. Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) were synthesized by adding 100 mesh M. oleifera seeds powder with variation of three concentrations (1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%), into a mix polymer solution of CA (cellulose acetate) and two different solvents, i.e., DMF (dimethylformamide) and DMAc (dimethylacetamide). The synthesized membranes morphology was observed under scanning electron microscopy and from the images can be seen that the membranes made of DMAc formed rather large macrovoid as compared to DMF-based membranes. The microstructure affected the water flux through the membranes, in which the DMAc membranes provided a higher flux value and served as high-throughput microfiltration membranes. Antibacterial properties of MMM were tested using Escherichia coli adhesion onto membrane surfaces. The results showed that M. oleifera has been proven to eradicate E. coli activity on the membrane surfaces due to interaction between bacterial cells and phenolic compounds from M. oleifera, through absorption processes involving hydrogen bonds. two or more different properties of components combined, to achieve a better separation performance. In order to promote antifouling properties, some combination of functionalized fillers and polymer matrixes have been used, such as a combination of nanoparticles of anatase TiO 2 /polysulfone [10] and Ag-loaded graphene oxide/polyethersulfone [11]. Those combination were effective, however the use of metal components as fillers, e.g., silver particles, might be unsafe for membrane that is used for food processing application. The use of plant-based subtances, might provide a more reliable and safe anti-biofoulant, such as the utilization of cardanol [12]. In this study, a natural antibacterial M. oleifera seeds powder is evaluated to be employed as filler to the cellulose acetate polymer matrix to form anti-biofouling MMM.M. oleifera could be utilized against Gram positive and negative bacteria [13]. Recombinant protein inside M. oleifera seeds is able to agglomerate Gram positive and negative bacterial cells [14]. By its properties, Moringa seeds could potentially be used as for environmentally friendly antibiofouling, because these natural ingredients are not harmful, even if used in large quantities when compared with chemicals or metals that are commonly used as agents to reduce biofouling.As for polymeric matrix, cellulose acetate has been chosen due to some beneficial properties. Cellulose acetate has good properties as a membrane polymer for food processing due to renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and inexpensive subtances [15,16]. Cellulose acetate has relatively thermal and chemical stability [17], because cellulose has a rich of hydroxyl groups and it is able to form a strong hydrogen bonds that could not be separated easily [18]. Cellulose acetate are also extraordinary hydrophilic, which can be used for minimizing fouling on t...

Moringa seed has known as a coagulant in the water purification process. It is because of the large amount of anti-microbial compounds contained in it. Phenol is one of the most common anti-microbial compounds found in natural materials. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) of Moringa seed which was extracted by Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). Moringa seeds were characterized by FTIR and showed that it contained phenol compounds confirmed by specific peak in some areas. Moringa seeds were characterized by FTIR before extracted. Therefore, MAE was performed by variation of solvent ratios (1: 4, 1: 6, 1: 8) and extraction time (2, 3, 4 min). The highest TPC of 41.78 mg GAE / g dw was reached at 1: 8 solvent ratio and 3-min extraction time.

Teknologi membran banyak digunakan dalam pemisahan padatan terlarut dalam cairan, termasuk dalam pengolahan pangan misalnya klarifikasi jus buah. Namun salah satu faktor penghambat utama penggunaan membran adalah terjadinya fouling yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas produk. Dalam proses klarifikasi jus buah, membran berpotensi mengalami fouling karena material biologis. Antibiofoulan alami seperti biji buah kelor Moringa oleifera berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai agen pencegah biofouling pada proses membran karena mengandung fenol. Pada penelitian ini diketahui kandungan total fenol ekstrak bji kelor sebesar 123.61 mg/g ekstrak. Ekstrak ditambahkan sebagai bahan pengisi dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda pada larutan cetak membran selulosa asetat dengan pelarut dimetil formamida yang berfungsi sebagai matrix. Morfologi membran mixed matrix yang dihasilkan berupa pori-pori yang berbentuk jari dan masuk dalam kategori membran mikrofiltrasi. Kinerja membran diuji kekuatan mekaniknya, nilai fluks, dan sifat antibakteri menggunakan E-coli. Penambahan ekstrak biji kelor pada mampu memberikan dua keuntungan, yaitu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri sebesar 39.7% dan menurunkan permeabilitas dari 1765.25 L/m2.jam.bar menjadi 1235.5231 L/m2.jam.bar yang berpotensi meningkatkan tingkat rejeksi membran mikrofiltrasi yang dihasilkan.