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The effect of natural antibiotics Moringa oleifera seeds powder in cellulose acetate membranes as biofouling reducer agent was investigated. Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) were synthesized by adding 100 mesh M. oleifera seeds powder with variation of three concentrations (1 wt%, 2 wt%, and 3 wt%), into a mix polymer solution of CA (cellulose acetate) and two different solvents, i.e., DMF (dimethylformamide) and DMAc (dimethylacetamide). The synthesized membranes morphology was observed under scanning electron microscopy and from the images can be seen that the membranes made of DMAc formed rather large macrovoid as compared to DMF-based membranes. The microstructure affected the water flux through the membranes, in which the DMAc membranes provided a higher flux value and served as high-throughput microfiltration membranes. Antibacterial properties of MMM were tested using Escherichia coli adhesion onto membrane surfaces. The results showed that M. oleifera has been proven to eradicate E. coli activity on the membrane surfaces due to interaction between bacterial cells and phenolic compounds from M. oleifera, through absorption processes involving hydrogen bonds. two or more different properties of components combined, to achieve a better separation performance. In order to promote antifouling properties, some combination of functionalized fillers and polymer matrixes have been used, such as a combination of nanoparticles of anatase TiO 2 /polysulfone [10] and Ag-loaded graphene oxide/polyethersulfone [11]. Those combination were effective, however the use of metal components as fillers, e.g., silver particles, might be unsafe for membrane that is used for food processing application. The use of plant-based subtances, might provide a more reliable and safe anti-biofoulant, such as the utilization of cardanol [12]. In this study, a natural antibacterial M. oleifera seeds powder is evaluated to be employed as filler to the cellulose acetate polymer matrix to form anti-biofouling MMM.M. oleifera could be utilized against Gram positive and negative bacteria [13]. Recombinant protein inside M. oleifera seeds is able to agglomerate Gram positive and negative bacterial cells [14]. By its properties, Moringa seeds could potentially be used as for environmentally friendly antibiofouling, because these natural ingredients are not harmful, even if used in large quantities when compared with chemicals or metals that are commonly used as agents to reduce biofouling.As for polymeric matrix, cellulose acetate has been chosen due to some beneficial properties. Cellulose acetate has good properties as a membrane polymer for food processing due to renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and inexpensive subtances [15,16]. Cellulose acetate has relatively thermal and chemical stability [17], because cellulose has a rich of hydroxyl groups and it is able to form a strong hydrogen bonds that could not be separated easily [18]. Cellulose acetate are also extraordinary hydrophilic, which can be used for minimizing fouling on t...

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ABSTRAKLimbah buah kakao yang dihasilkan berupa kulit kakao yang bekum bisa termanfaatkan denga baik. Pengolahan kulit buah kakao yang kurang tepat seperti didiankan dalam waktu yang lama akan menimbulkan masalah baru untuk lingkungan yaitu pembusukan Karen adanya penguraian karbon oleh mikroorganisme. Solusi penanganan limbah kulit kakao adalah dnegna menjadikannya sebagai biobriket. Biobriket kulit kakao dapat dibuat karena berbahan keras dan 90% mengandung bahan kering. Pembuatan kulit kakao menjadi briket sangat mudah dengan empat tahapan yaitu pengeringan bahan, penggerusan, pencampuran dengan perekat dan pencetakan menjadi biobriket. Biobriket yang dihasilkan ini dapat digunakan sebagai energi alternatif menggantikan kayu bakar atau LPG untuk memasak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya teka terhadap karakteristik biobriket kulit kakao sebagai salah satu bahan bakar alternatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu gaya tekan 100 kg, 150 kg, dan 200 pada masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan 3 kali pengulangan. Pada masing-masing gaya tekan berat adonan yang akan dicetak yaitu 0,5 kg. Biobriket mempunyai ukuran diameter dalam 10,7 cm tinggi 10 cm dengan jari-jari tengah pada pengempa dengan diameter dalam 1,9 cm. Karakterisasi biobriket kulit kakao meliputi pengujian kadar air, kadar abu, kadar karbon, densitas, laju pembakaran briket, nilai kalor dan efisiensi pembakaran biobriket. Dari penelitian diperoleh data kadar air briket setelah dikeringkan selama 24 jam, briket dengan gaya tekan 100 kg, 150 kg dan 200 kg kadar airnya adalah 14,607 %, 14,232 % dan 13,834 %. Gaya tekan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar abu briket dan kadar karbon, yang masing-masing bernilai 27,89 % dan 60,55 %. Densitas briket kulit kakao yang dihasilkan pada gaya tekan 100 kg, 150 kg dan 200 kg masing-masing yaitu 0,96 kg/cm 3 , 0,99 kg/cm 3 , dan 1,04 kg/cm 3 . Laju pembakaran terbesar adalah pada briket dengan gaya tekan 200 kg, sebesar 6 g/menit. Semakin besar laju pembakaran maka akan mempercepat waktu briket habis terbakar. Biobriket gaya tekan 200 kg memiliki kadar air yang rendah dan nilai kalor tertinggi sehingga briket cepat habis terbakar. Pada briket gaya tekan 150 kg memiliki laju pembakaran rendah dari yang lain karena pada gaya tekan tersebut terdapat batas kekuatan maksimal pada butiran. Gaya tekan berpengaruh terhadap nilai kalori pada briket, semakin tinggi gaya tekan nilai kalori semakin meningkat. Densitas 0,96 kg/cm 3 menghasilkan nilai kalori 4187,11 kal/g, densitas 1,044 kg/cm 3 menghasilkan nilai kalori 4509,30 kal/g. Perlakuan gaya tekan dapat memperlihatkan kelebihan pada briket yang diberikan gaya tekan adapun kelebihan briket diberi gaya tekan berbeda diantaranya dapat meningkatkan densitas, nilai kalori briket, menurunkan kadar air.Kata kunci-biobriket; gaya tekan; kulit kakao PENDAHULUAN Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil kakao terbesar ketiga di dunia. Produksi kakao atau coklat di Indonesia mengalami pertumbu...

Community empowerment with the triple helix approach is a community empowerment method that involves three actors, namely: universities, companies and government. Collaboration carried out by the three actors is carried out simultaneously which maintains a balance of shared roles. The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze the implementation of Community Empowerment in Bendosari Energy Independent Village, Pujon Subdistrict with the Triple Helix approach which is carried out by universities, companies and government to develop community entrepreneurship competencies based on local wisdom. The results of this study indicate that community empowerment in Bendosari Village conducted by the three actors is directed to improve community welfare. Empowerment activities are grouped in the fields of infrastructure, community capacity building in the entrepreneurship of local agricultural products and tourism, and the social institutions of rural communities.