BACKGROUND:Colorectal carcinoma is considered a calamity for humanity, but it could have a long survival if it is diagnosed early. The epidemiology of this calamity is also interesting and has always been the subject of investigation in the in the western world. AIMS: 1.To compare the findings in a series of 215 cases studied over a period of 6 years from 2008 to 2013. 2. To study the incidence of colorectal carcinoma in a population with respect to age, sex, religion and diet. 3. To study the occurrence of the carcinoma in a different parts of the colon. 4. To study the different histological and morphological types of carcinoma of colon. 5. To study the stages of carcinoma at the time of presentation by American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. 6. To study the clinical presentation of colorectal carcinoma. SETTINGS: Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai. DESIGN: A retrospective observational study. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The malignant tumor of large bowel and anal canal received in the Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Lokmanya Tilak Medical College and General Hospital in Mumbai in the form of biopsy and resected speciemen were studied after microscopic confirmation of diagnosis over a period of 6 years from 2008 to 2013. A total number of cases studied are 215 cases excluding the superficial biopsy and doubtful cases. RESULTS: Of total 46255 surgical specimen, 6911 were gastrointestinal specimen i.e. 14.9% of all specimens, and 4271 were colorectal specimen. Of 4271 gastrointestinal specimens 497 gastrointestinal malignancy while 215 had colorectal malignancy. The common age group affected is 51-60 years. Rectum (57.74%) is the most common site of colorectal malignancy. Abdominal pain (33.5%) was the most common clinical feature. Ulceroinfilterative is the most common type of gross morphology of tumor in rectum. Hindu and non-vegetarian are most common risk factors. Adenocarcinoma (52.55%) was the most common microscopic type, belonging to AJCC stage IIA (40%). CONCLUSION: The most common site for gastrointestinal malignancy was rectum and anal canal with adenocarcinoma was the most common microscopic type. The above observation implies for a greater emphasis on early recognition of signs and symptoms, to facilitate for early diagnosis so that curative resection can be attempted for the patient to enjoy a better prognosis and better quality of life.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI), also known as Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome, polydystrophic dwarfism, and arysulfatase B (ASB) deficiency, is a lysosomal storage disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance characterized by progressive multisystem involved that causes many tissues and organs to enlarge and become inflamed. Skeletal deformities are common that progress and worsen in varying degrees thus affecting quality of life and life expectancy. Many studies have shown that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can reduce morbidity and enhance the survival and quality of life in such patients. We present a case of a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with MPS VI at the age of 3 years. Thereafter the patient developed various complications of the disease causing morbidity. She was then treated with combined umbilical cord blood (UCB) and bone marrow (BM) transplantation from complete human leukocyte antigen–matched (6/6) donor which was her younger sibling. The transplant was successful without any serious adverse effects. No additional treatments such as enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) were required. The transplantation of UCB along with BM can be considered as an effective treatment approach for this rare disease. Plain language summary Case of MPS VI treated with stem cell transplantation This article reports a case of a 6-year-old girl who was diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI also known as MPS VI, an autosomal recessive disorder that caused her arysulfatase B (ASB) deficiency. This disorder affects growth velocity, gives coarse facial features, gives rise to skeletal deformities, frequent upper-airway infections, enlarged liver and spleen, hearing loss, and joint stiffness. However, very few studies have reported definitive ways to treat or cure MPS VI. To help her combat this disorder, combined umbilical cord blood and bone marrow transplantation was done. This transplant alleviated her symptoms, and the patient did not need any further treatment. Follow-up, 4 years after transplantation, shows normal enzyme level, no complications, and improved quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia remains the number one killer of children, taking the lives of 1.3 million in 2011 alone. More than 99% of all pneumonia deaths occur in developing countries. The majority of pneumonia cases are preventable and treatable, but clinical diagnosis is highly fallible in many cases and the frequency of morbid state is best assessed by post-mortem examination that may reveal diagnosis which may not be suspected clinically or may, in some way, discredit. AIMS: 1. To ascertain various pulmonary lesions in paediatric deaths. 2. To find incidence of pulmonary lesions. 3. To study the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, 4. To find incidence of pulmonary pathology directly and indirectly contributing to the death. SETTINGS: Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai. DESIGN: A retrospective observational study. METHODS AND MATERIAL: In this study pediatric age group of (0-15 years) admitted in IPCU,NICU and Pediatric, Medicine and Surgery unit are included from the period of 2006-2013. The lung pathology in various diseases entities were studied and co-related with age, sex and clinical history. RESULTS: Of total 3606 autopsies, 642 were pediatric autopsies i.e. 17.8% of all autopsies, and 111 were neonatal autopsies. Of 642, 531(82.7%) had primary lung pathology and 157(24.4%) had secondary lung pathology. The common age group affected is < 5 years. Bronchopneumonia was the commonest pathology observed as primary lung pathology. Interstitial/viral pneumonia was 2nd most common of primary lung pathology Infective pathology was the most common lesions, of which bronchopneumonia was the most common pathology observed and tuberculosis contributed to 3%of primary lung pathologies. CONCLUSION: The most common lung lesion in pediatric age is infections, which are preventable and curative with appropriate measures. This study will help to improve mother child health services.