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We utilized a one-step hydrothermal process for the synthesis of precious metal-doped titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )/graphene oxide (GO) composites. The metal-doped TiO 2 /GO composites, including silver–TiO 2 /GO (Ag–TiO 2 /GO), palladium–TiO 2 /GO (Pd–TiO 2 /GO), and copper–TiO 2 /GO (Cu–TiO 2 /GO), were synthesized by mixing a metal precursor, titanium butoxide, and graphene oxide in a water–ethanol mixture in an autoclave hydrothermal reactor. The photocatalytic performance of the composites was tested in the photoreduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to ethanol. Ag–TiO 2 /GO, Pd–TiO 2 /GO, and Cu–TiO 2 /GO exhibited an ethanol production rate of 109, 125, and 233 μmol/g cat h, respectively. The outstanding performances of Cu–TiO 2 /GO can be attributed to a combined effect of key parameters, including optical band gap, crystallite size, and BET surface area.

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The copper-doped sodium dititanate nanosheets/graphene oxide heterostructure (CTGN) was synthesized following a one-step hydrothermal process, exhibiting an outstanding photoactivity in converting CO2 to acetone, methanol, ethanol and i-propanol.

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