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PurposeBanking is the key industry to guarantee the core leading role of finance in the process of economic development. It is important to study the bank efficiency and optimal allocation of bank’s resources. The purpose of our paper is to study the optimal allocation of resources between the bank savings system and loan system under the premise of environmental heterogeneity.Design/methodology/approachWe use a two-stage meta-frontier Data Envelopment Analysis model to solve the relative efficiency of each city branch and use the multivariate statistical tools to analyze the empirical results.FindingsThis paper measures the relative efficiency of 16 Bank Branches of a state-owned bank in Anhui province considering regional heterogeneity. Based on the optimal resource allocation, we get the two-stage operation performance of all banks under group-frontier and meta-frontier and analyze the impact of the technical differences between the branches.Originality/valueThis study has a positive guiding significance for the banking industry to improve its operational efficiency in various business practices in the new era of big data. It will also provide practical suggestions and support for the government and relevant departments in the process of formulating macro-policies to ensure the healthy and stable development of the banking industry.

Purpose This paper aims to study whether the upstream foundry in the original design manufacturer (ODM) supply chain will violate the commission contract and engage in the production of pirated products. Based on the conclusion, this study hopes to explain the phenomenon of pirated products in reality and provide management enlightenment for related companies. Design/methodology/approach To understand when will foundry violates the processing contract, this paper constructs a five-stage decision-making model, this study derives a model to get three situations and draw data images to describe the characteristics of decision-making by the foundry. Finally, this paper also considers some external supervision. Findings The results show that processing fee and other parameters (special cost, common cost, weakening factor and product difference) jointly determine the possibility of piracy by the foundry. Moreover, the external supervision mechanism has a significant effect on the piracy behavior of the foundry. Research limitations/implications The research provides some support for real business activities, which actually involve many participants and mechanisms. Thus, it could be interesting to explore more multi-stage and complex business methods in reality. Practical implications The analysis highlights less-concerned moral hazard behaviors in the ODM supply chain. By recreating the complex interactions of participants, the conclusion shed light on how should different roles deal with their risks and take actions in a real business environment. Originality/value The biggest contribution of this study is to discuss the issue of moral hazard in the ODM supply chain. Piracy initiated by foundries may be a new type of supply chain risk and should be paid attention to.