& Key message The application of the ITOC model allows the estimation of available biomass potentials from forests on the basis of National Forest Inventory data. The adaptation of the model to country-specific situations gives the possibility to further enhance the model calculations. & Context With the rising demand for energy from renewable sources, up-to-date information about the available amount of biomass on a sustainable basis coming from forests became of interest to a wide group of stakeholders. The complexity of answering the question about amounts of biomass potentials from forests thereby increases from the regional to the European level. & Aims The described ITOC model aims at providing a tool to develop a comparable data basis for the actual biomass potentials for consumption. & Methods The ITOC model uses a harmonized net annual increment from the National Forest Inventories as a default value for the potential harvestable volume of timber. The model then calculates the total theoretical potential of biomass resources from forests. By accounting for harvesting restrictions and losses, the theoretical potential of biomass resources from forests is reduced and the actual biomass potentials for consumption estimated. & Results The results from ITOC model calculations account for the difference between the amounts of wood measured in the forests and the actual biomass potentials which might be available for consumption under the model assumptions.
The Swiss National Forest Inventory dataset «Forest Access Roads 2013» Information on forest accessibility is important for forest management. For example, it helps to determine the potential wood supply and identify areas difficult to access. In 2013–2014, a survey was conducted in Switzerland to update the Forest Access Roads geo-dataset within the framework of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI). The resulting nationwide dataset contains valuable information on truck-accessible forest roads that can be used to transport wood. The survey involved interviewing staff from the approximately 800 local forest services in Switzerland and recording the data first on paper maps and then in digitized form. The data in the NFI on the forest roads could thus be updated and additional information regarding their trafficability for specific categories of truck included. The information has now been attached to the geometries of the Roads and Tracks of the swissTLM3D (release 2012) of the Federal Office of Topography swisstopo. The resulting data are suitable for statistical analyses and modeling, but further (labour-intensive) validation work would be necessary if they are to be used as a basis for applications requiring more spatial accuracy, such as navigation systems. The data are managed at the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) and are available for third parties for non-commercial use provided they have purchased a TLM license. In this article, the dataset, as well as its acquisition and potential uses, are described.
Als Folge der technologischen Entwicklung und der aktuellen wald-und holzwirtschaftlichen Lage hat die Frage nach der optimalen Walderschliessung erneut an Bedeutung gewonnen. Das Schweizerische Landesforstinventar (LFI) erfasst seit über 30 Jahren periodisch den Zustand und die Veränderungen am Waldstrassennetz. Im LFI4 wurden 2013/2014 erstmals Merkmale zur Befahrbarkeit nach Lastwagentypen erhoben. Dies ermöglicht differenzierte Analysen zum Stand der Walderschliessung. Wurden von 1985 bis 1995 jährlich 280 km Waldstrassen neu gebaut, waren es von 2006 bis 2013 jährlich nur noch 26 km (12 km im Schutzwald, 14 km im übrigen Wald). Der Strassenumbau (Reengineering) hat dagegen mit aktuell 30 km pro Jahr zugenommen. 84% der im LFI erfassten Waldstrassen sind für 4-Achser von 28 bis 32 t Gesamtgewicht befahrbar. 72% sind für 5-bis 6-achsige Lastwagengespanne von 40 oder 44 t Gesamtgewicht dimensioniert. Im Schutzwald ist deren Anteil wesentlich kleiner als im übrigen Wald. Die Strassendichte für 28-bis 32-Tönner beträgt im Mittel für die Schweiz22 m/ha, variiert regional aber stark von 2 bis 57 m/ha bei den Produktionsregionen bzw. 0 bis 84 m/ha bei den Forstkreisen. Ausgehend von den heute lokal praktizierten Ernteverfahren und den entsprechenden optimalen und maximalen Transportentfernungen lässt sich sagen, dass 46% der nutzbaren Waldfläche in der Schweiz gut, 29% mässig und 25% schlecht oder nicht erschlossen sind. Die höchsten Anteile an schlecht oder nicht erschlossenen Wäldern befinden sich in den Alpen (44%) und auf der Alpensüdseite (53%). In den Voralpen beträgt der entsprechende Anteil 13%, im Jura 5% und im Mittelland 2%. Eine Studie der Eidgenössischen Forschungsanstalt WSL geht derzeit der Frage nach, wie gross der künftige Erschliessungsbedarf unter Verwendung der optimalen Ernteverfahren sein könnte.
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