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Research has demonstrated that people who embrace different ideological orientations often show differences at the level of basic cognitive processes. For instance, conservatives (vs. liberals) display an automatic selective attention for negative (vs. positive) stimuli, and tend to more easily form illusory correlations between negative information and minority groups. In the present work, we further explored this latter effect by examining whether it only involves the formation of explicit attitudes or it extends to implicit attitudes. To this end, following the typical illusory correlation paradigm, participants were presented with members of two numerically different groups (majority and minority) each performing either a positive or negative behaviour. Negative behaviors were relatively infrequent, and the proportion of positive and negative behaviors within each group was the same. Next, explicit and implicit (i.e., IAT-measured) attitudes were assessed. Results showed that conservatives (vs. liberals) displayed stronger explicit as well as implicit illusory correlations effects, forming more negative attitudes toward the minority (vs. majority) group at both the explicit and implicit level.

This paper describes an approach for improving the current systems supporting the exploration and research of scientific literature, which generally adopt a query-based information-seeking paradigm. Our approach is to use a symbiotic system paradigm, exploiting central and peripheral physiological data along with eye-tracking data to adapt to users' ongoing subjective relevance and satisfaction with search results. The system described, along with the interdisciplinary theoretical work underpinning it, could serve as a stepping stone for the development and diffusion of next-generation symbiotic systems, enabling a productive interdependence between humans and machines. After introducing the concept and evidence informing the development of symbiotic systems over a wide range of application domains, we describe the rationale of the MindSee project, emphasizing its BCI component and pinpointing the criteria around which users' evaluations can gravitate. We conclude by summarizing the main contribution that MindSee is expected to make.