Covert Persuasive Technologies: Bringing Subliminal Cues to Human-Computer Interaction

Barral, Oswald; Aranyi, Gabor; Kouider, Sid; Lindsay, Alan; Prins, Hielke; Ahmed, Imtiaj; Negri, Paolo; Gamberini, Luciano; Pizzi, David; Cavazza, Marc

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07127-5_1

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Nudging effects not sustaining over time Besides the lack of educational effects, other factors may also influence the sustainability of nudging effects. For instance, identifying a placebo after repeated exposure might alienate users and provoke feelings of distrust on the system [23]; the effects of subliminal cueing might degrade over time [7]; reminders might cause friction and reactance after repeated exposure [89] and graphic warnings can lose their resonance over time [89]. It is important to acknowledge that while some of the nudges may be more effective at the initial acquisition of a behavior, others might be better supporting behavior maintenance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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23 Ways to Nudge

Caraban

Karapanos

Gonçalves

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

287

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Ten years ago, Thaler and Sunstein introduced the notion of nudging to talk about how subtle changes in the 'choice architecture' can alter people's behaviors in predictable ways. This idea was eagerly adopted in HCI and applied in multiple contexts, including health, sustainability and privacy. Despite this, we still lack an understanding of how to design effective technology-mediated nudges. In this paper we present a systematic review of the use of nudging in HCI research with the goal of laying out the design space of technology-mediated nudging-the why (i.e., which cognitive biases do nudges combat) and the how (i.e., what exact mechanisms do nudges employ to incur behavior change). All in all, we found 23 distinct mechanisms of nudging, grouped in 6 categories, and leveraging 15 different cognitive biases. We present these as a framework for technology-mediated nudging, and discuss the factors shaping nudges' effectiveness and their ethical implications. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…active) to unconsciously activate behavioral goals each time the user unlocked his phone. Caraban et al [14] developed Subly, a web-plugin that manipulates the opacity of selected words as people surf on the web, while Barral et al [7] quickly flashed certain cues to encourage particular food selections in a virtual kitchen.…”

Section: Subliminal Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

23 Ways to Nudge

Caraban

Karapanos

Gonçalves

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To briefly sum up, subliminal stimulation seems to be suitable for a variety of uses in concrete scenarios as those of memory retrieval [9] and problem solving [13] to bias decisionmaking in selection behavior [5,16] and navigation tasks [4]. In the specific context of symbiotic systems, such potential can be exploited to assist the user during critical phases or to manage his interaction without interrupting the task at hand [3] or generating mental workload [8,9].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Review of the Research on Subliminal Techniques for Implicit Interaction in Symbiotic Systems

Negri

Gamberini

Cutini

2014

Symbiotic Interaction

Self Cite

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Abstract. Subliminal perception is a long-standing topic in psychology, which has been strongly debated throughout the twentieth century. Recently, unconscious information processing has gained attention in human-computer interaction (HCI) research on the basis that subliminal stimulation can covertly trigger automatic responses without generating mental workload. The aim is to increase the interaction efficiency between humans and systems by embedding subliminal stimuli in user interfaces. Moreover, the currently thriving research on adaptive and symbiotic systems makes the interest for unconscious processes even greater.The purpose of the present paper is to give an overview of both the most recent findings about subliminal stimuli applied to concrete contexts and the main stimulation techniques to obtain unconscious perception. The techniques reviewed here are the binocular rivalry, visual masking, visual crowding, and rapid serial visual presentation with some latest variants of these classic paradigms.

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“…Several researchers have focused on the use of priming to improve efficiency of item selection. Within a virtual reality context, Barral et al found a significant impact of subliminal priming on correct target selection, but only for trials where reaction times were less than 1 second [7]. Caraban et al developed a browser plug-in and researched the use of subliminal priming to guide selection by changing the opacity of key words [17].…”

Section: Item Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subliminal semantic number processing on smartphones

Pinder

Vermeulen

Cowan

2018

Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction With Mobile Devices and Services

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One potential method of improving the efficiency of human-computer interaction is to display information subliminally. Such information cannot be recalled consciously, but has some impact on the perceiver. However, it is not yet clear whether people can extract meaning from subliminal presentation of information in mobile contexts. We therefore explored subliminal semantic priming on smartphones. This builds on mixed evidence for subliminal priming across HCI in general, and mixed evidence for the effect of subliminal affective priming on smartphones. Our semi-controlled experiment (n=103) investigated subliminal processing of numerical information on smartphones. We found evidence that concealed transfer of information is possible to a very limited extent, but little evidence of a semantic effect. Overall, the impact is effectively negligible for practical applications. We discuss the implications of our results for real-world deployments and outline future research themes as HCI moves beyond mobile.

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Covert Persuasive Technologies: Bringing Subliminal Cues to Human-Computer Interaction

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

23 Ways to Nudge

23 Ways to Nudge

A Review of the Research on Subliminal Techniques for Implicit Interaction in Symbiotic Systems

Subliminal semantic number processing on smartphones

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