The need of intubation and mechanical ventilation is associated with poor prognosis in COVID‐19 patients. Herein, we present two cases of patients with COVID‐19 where intubation and mechanical ventilation failed, and therefore, percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy was performed. The usage of PDT was associated with faster and better recovery in these patients.

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A case of TEF along with subglottic stenosis in a patient as a result of prolong intubation. We performed left unilateral tracheal repair to avoid injury to left recurrent laryngeal nerve followed by endoscopic balloon repair of stenosis. Due to critical condition of the patient and COVID‐19 infection, she expired.

Introduction: Malignant cells from different organs after entering through peripheral blood circulation system trap into the first capillary bed in the lungs. Presentation of case: A 11-year-old boy with osteosarcoma in right leg was amputated. He had brain and lung metastasis. He underwent chemotherapy and resection of lung nodules with bilateral thoracotomy in two different phases. The patient was discharged in the healthy condition and clear chest radiography. Conclusion: The resection of the adenopathy at the mediastina and hilum pulmonis along with assessment of the hormonal receptors is recommended to determine the stage of the diseases. Highlights:

Introduction: The mediastinal space is confined from the top to the thorax inlet, at the bottom with the diaphragm. Presentation of case: A female with a right lung tumor with a history of chemotherapy, intubation, mediastinal fixation was performed on the affected side due to inadequate lung expansion, treatment-resistant fistula and intolerance of surgery to the pulmonary fistula. By fixing the mediastinal space on the affected side, right pleural space was drained. Conclusion: It is recommended that patients undergoing surgery for chronic empyema due to immunodeficiency and refractory infections, who do not tolerate surgery due to chronic pleural effusion and cavitation due to loculated Empyema develop thoracic surgery, fixation and continued treatment should be performed.