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Anxiety disorders are induced by cognitive and behavioral inefficiencies. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of group cognitive-behavioral training techniques on social anxiety in nursing students. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest follow-up (one month) and a control group design. The statistical population comprised all nursing students of Babol City, Iran. Fifty-four individuals diagnosed with social anxiety were selected using a simple random sampling method. The study groups were tested in three stages; before and after the intervention and follow-up, using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety questionnaire. The experimental group was subjected to 12 sessions of 60-minute under the group intervention of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on social anxiety. However, the control group received no training. Results: The obtained results suggested that cognitive-behavioral techniques training was effective on social anxiety. The mean social anxiety scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different (P=0.004). Conclusion: Group training of cognitive-behavioral techniques significantly affected the social anxiety of studied students. Moreover, this study suggests the use of cognitive-behavioral group therapy to reduce the social anxiety of nursing students.

Background and aims: The main problems of children with learning disabilities are in cognition and their sensations. This study aimed to investigate the comparison of working memory and sensory profile in boys and girls with writing disability. Methods: The methodology of this descriptive study was the comparative type. The statistical population of this study was all girls and boys by the age of 8-10 suffering from the writing disability in Gorgan City during treatment in a writing disability center in summer of 2018. According to the research method, the stratified random sampling method was used and 50 boys and 58 girls were selected from each group. According to research tools, the Dunn profile (1999) was obtained from the parents of the children. In the area of Daneman, & Carpenter working memory (1980), questions were asked from the children directly, and the information related to processing and storage in their memory were received. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance analysis using SPSS24 software. Results: Descriptive findings showed that mean and standard deviation in boys and girls were respectively in Processing (50.32±6.93, 54.22±7.45), Storage (48.47±6.08, 53.17±6.07), Indoctrination associated with the physical state of the body motion (34.28±7.09, 36.91±6.48), Multisensory processing (34.68±5.21, 37.94±6.57), Auditory Processing (31.74±5.84, 35.52±6.59). Also the results indicate that there is a significant difference in the writing disability among processing (P<0.006) and storage (P<0.000) of working memory subscales and the Indoctrination associated with the physical state of the body motion (P<0.000), Multisensory processing (P<0.000) and Auditory Processing (P<0.002), of the sensory profile variable in both the girls and boys with writing disability. Conclusion: with regard to the results obtained, it can be concluded that the boys group is in worse conditions in working memory and sensory processing styles, which requires a special attention and more focused educational approaches.

Background and Objectives:Aging is a sensitive period in human life. The present study aimed to provide a framework for psychological well-being based on the spiritual intelligence dimensions in the elderly. Methods:The present research was a descriptive correlational study. The study population consisted of the elderly living in the retirement homes of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2019. A total of 320 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using King's ( 2009) Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and Ryff's ( 2002) Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the structural equation.Results: As evidenced by the obtained results, psychological well-being of the elderly showed a significant positive relationship with the subscales of critical existential thinking (r=0.34, P=0.001), personal meaning (r=0.41, P=0.001), transcendental awareness (r=0.38 and P=0.001), conscious state expansion (r=0.48, P=0.001) and the overall score of spiritual intelligence (r=0.62, P=0.001). In addition, it was observed that spiritual intelligence had a significant direct impact on psychological well-being (β=0.669) and the predictive power of psychological well-being was obtained by spiritual intelligence (R2=0.508). Conclusion:The obtained results indicated the importance of the relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being in the elderly. Therefore, in order to improve the elderlys' psychological well-being, it is essential to focus on promoting spiritual intelligence.

Background: Shyness is a main cause of poor results in the educational environment. The present study aimed at studying relationship between alexithymia (the inability to recognize or describe one’s own emotions) and shyness in nursing students, with mediating roles of loneliness and social identity. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was based on structural equation modeling, specific regression equations, and a statistical population of 658 nursing students at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. A sample of 331 students was selected. To collect the data, Toronto’s Alexithymia Scale, Russell, Peplau and Cutrona’s Loneliness Scale, Safarinia’s Social Identity Questionnaire and Briggs, Cheek and Buss’ Shyness Scale were used. Results: The findings from regression analysis showed that there was a direct effect between alexithymia and shyness and an indirect effect between alexithymia and shyness with mediating factors of loneliness and social identity (P<0.01). In total, alexithymia, feelings of loneliness, and perception of social identity had a predictive power of 0.51% of shyness. Conclusion: The results of this study show the effect of alexithymia and the role of moderating influences on feelings of loneliness and social identity perceptions and shyness among nursing students, which can provide useful practical applications to advisers and trainers in order to improve the psychological state of nursing students.